Lisitsyn A F, Chubuchnyĭ V N, Sardinov T T
Sud Med Ekspert. 1990 Jan-Mar;33(1):10-3.
Existence of different opinions on the role of gunpowder particles in determining close shot distance promoted the experiments with pistol "PM" and sporting fowling piece in vertical and horizontal directions at different distances from 0.5 up to 2.5 m using targets made of pasteboard and moistened photographic paper. The quantities of gunpowder particles on the targets which were calculated by stereoscopic microscope increased distinctly in vertical shot direction (from above downwards), especially at distances 2 and 2.5 m and particle flight distance rose; in horizontal shot direction distances of gunpowder particle flight didn't exceed 2-3 m.
关于火药颗粒在确定近距离射击距离方面的作用存在不同观点，这促使人们使用“PM”手枪和运动猎枪在垂直和水平方向上，以0.5米至2.5米的不同距离对由硬纸板和湿相纸制成的靶标进行实验。通过立体显微镜计算得出的靶标上的火药颗粒数量在垂直射击方向（从上向下）明显增加，尤其是在2米和2.5米的距离处，且颗粒飞行距离增加；在水平射击方向上，火药颗粒的飞行距离不超过2 - 3米。
