Kroll Mark W, Fish Raymond M, Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya, Luceri Richard M, Panescu Dorin
Biomedical Engineering Dept., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2012;2012:5734-40. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6347297.
Even though electrocution has been recognized--and studied--for over a century, there remain several common misconceptions among medical professional as well as lay persons. This review focuses on "low-power" electrocutions rather than on the "high-power" electrocutions such as from lightning and power lines. Low-power electrocution induces ventricular fibrillation (VF). We review the 3 established mechanisms for electrocution: (1) shock on cardiac T-wave, (2) direct induction of VF, and (3) long-term high-rate cardiac capture reducing the VF threshold until VF is induced. There are several electrocution myths addressed, including the concept--often taught in medical school--that direct current causes asystole instead of VF and that electrical exposure can lead to a delayed cardiac arrest by inducing a subclinical ventricular tachycardia (VT). Other misunderstandings are also discussed.
尽管触电已被认识并研究了一个多世纪，但医学专业人员和普通民众中仍存在一些常见的误解。本综述聚焦于“低功率”触电，而非诸如雷击和输电线导致的“高功率”触电。低功率触电会诱发心室颤动（VF）。我们回顾了已确定的三种触电机制：（1）心脏T波电击，（2）直接诱发VF，以及（3）长期高频率心脏夺获降低VF阈值直至诱发VF。文中还探讨了一些触电误区，包括医学院常讲授的概念，即直流电会导致心脏停搏而非VF，以及电击暴露会通过诱发亚临床室性心动过速（VT）导致延迟性心脏骤停。还讨论了其他误解。
