Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013 Aug;23(4):655-9. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.004. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
Developments in psychiatry have ratified the existence of behavioral addictions, that certain activities such as gambling or video-game play may be considered addictive in the absence of exogenous (i.e. drug-induced) stimulation of brain reinforcement circuitry. This article describes recent advances in understanding the neurobiological basis of behavioral addiction, with a focus on pathological gambling as the prototypical disorder. We describe positron emission tomography (PET) studies characterizing dopaminergic transmission, and functional imaging studies of reward processing and gambling-related cognitive distortions. The current evidence not only indicates changes in pathological gamblers in core circuitry implicated in drug addiction, but also highlights some subtle differences. Behavioral addictions can also provide experimental traction on distinguishing vulnerability markers for addictions from the active detrimental effects of chronic drug use.
精神病学的发展已经证实了行为成瘾的存在，即某些活动，如赌博或玩电子游戏，在没有外源（即药物诱导）刺激大脑强化回路的情况下，也可能被认为是成瘾的。本文描述了理解行为成瘾神经生物学基础的最新进展，重点是病理性赌博作为典型障碍。我们描述了正电子发射断层扫描（PET）研究描述多巴胺能传递，以及奖励处理和与赌博相关的认知扭曲的功能成像研究。目前的证据不仅表明药物成瘾核心回路中病理性赌徒发生了变化，而且还突出了一些细微的差异。行为成瘾还可以为区分成瘾的易感性标志物与慢性药物使用的积极有害影响提供实验依据。
