Betony Karen, Yarwood Judy
Nurse Maude, PO Box 36 126 Christchurch, New Zealand.
Nurse Educ Today. 2013 Oct;33(10):1136-42. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2012.12.007. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
A research project to examine the theoretical and practical exposure student nurses have to Primary Health Care (PHC) and community nursing in their undergraduate programme was undertaken in New Zealand (NZ). Providing quality clinical placements for health care students is acknowledged as a major challenge for tertiary institutions. In order to reflect the current shift in health care delivery from hospital to community settings, one such challenge is to ensure students receive appropriate theoretical programme content and clinical experience in PHC and community settings. The project consisted of a review of relevant international literature, and a questionnaire sent to all NZ tertiary institutions providing a Bachelor of Nursing (BN). Findings included a variable understanding of the concept of PHC, a lack of appropriate PHC placements across the country, competition for student placements in PHC, and professional organisation requirements for student supervision impacting on placement availability. Innovations identified to increase PHC placements comprised the establishment of Dedicated Education Units (DEUs), curriculum revision, and final year PHC placements offered only to students targeting PHC settings on registration. Study recommendations involve establishing a regional rather than a local approach to managing clinical placements, increasing professional governance support and reviewing clinical placement funding.
在新西兰开展了一项研究项目，旨在调查本科阶段的护生在理论和实践层面接触初级卫生保健（PHC）及社区护理的情况。为医护专业学生提供高质量的临床实习机会，被认为是高等院校面临的一项重大挑战。为了顺应目前医疗服务从医院向社区转移的趋势，其中一项挑战是确保学生在初级卫生保健和社区环境中获得适当的理论课程内容和临床经验。该项目包括对相关国际文献的综述，以及向新西兰所有提供护理学学士（BN）学位的高等院校发放调查问卷。研究结果包括对初级卫生保健概念的理解存在差异、全国范围内缺乏合适的初级卫生保健实习岗位、初级卫生保健学生实习岗位竞争激烈，以及专业组织对学生监督的要求影响了实习岗位的可获得性。为增加初级卫生保健实习岗位而确定的创新措施包括设立专门教育单位（DEUs）、修订课程，以及仅向注册时目标是初级卫生保健机构的学生提供最后一年的初级卫生保健实习机会。研究建议包括采用区域性而非地方性的方法来管理临床实习、增加专业管理支持以及审查临床实习资金。
