荷兰奶牛品种的中红外光谱法预测的乳脂成分差异。

Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands; Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.

Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.

J Dairy Sci. 2013 Apr;96(4):2570-2582. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5793. Epub 2013 Jan 30.

The aim of this study was to estimate breed differences in milk fatty acid (FA) profile among 5 dairy cattle breeds present in the Netherlands: Holstein-Friesian (HF), Meuse-Rhine-Yssel (MRY), Dutch Friesian (DF), Groningen White Headed (GWH), and Jersey (JER). For this purpose, total fat percentage and detailed FA contents in milk (14 individual FA and 14 groups of FA) predicted from mid-infrared spectra were used. Mid-infrared spectrometry profiles were collected during regular milk recording from a range of herds with different combinations of breeds, including both purebred and crossbred cows. The data set used for the analyses contained 41,404 records from a total of 24,445 cows. In total 7,626 cows were crossbreds belonging to the breeds HF, MRY, DF, GWH, and JER; 1,769 purebreds (≥87.5%) belonging to the breeds MRY, DF, GWH, and JER; and the other 15,050 cows were HF. Breed effects were estimated using a single-trait animal model. The content in milk of short-chain FA C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 was higher for JER and the content in milk of C16:0 was lower for GWH compared with the other breeds; when adjusting for breed differences in fat percentage, however, not all breed differences were significant. Breed differences were also found for cis-9 C14:1, cis-9 C16:1, C18:0, and a number of C18 unsaturated FA. In general, differences in fat composition in milk between HF, MRY, and DF were not significant. Jerseys tended to produce more saturated FA, whereas GWH tended to produce relatively less saturated FA. After adjusting for differences in fat percentage, breed differences in detailed fat composition disappeared or became smaller for several short- and medium-chain FA, whereas for several long-chain unsaturated FA, more significant breed differences were found. This indicates that short- and medium-chain FA are for all breeds more related to total fat percentage than long-chain FA. In conclusion, between breed differences were found in detailed FA composition and content of individual FA. Especially, for FA produced through de novo synthesis (short-chain FA, C12:0, C14:0, and partly C16:0) differences were found for JER and GWH, compared with the breeds HF, MRY, and DF.

本研究旨在评估 5 种荷兰奶牛品种（荷斯坦弗里森牛、默兹-莱茵-易塞尔牛、荷兰弗里森牛、格罗宁根白头牛和泽西牛）的牛奶脂肪酸（FA）组成的品种差异。为此，使用中红外光谱预测的总脂肪百分比和牛奶中详细的 FA 含量（14 种单个 FA 和 14 种 FA 组）。从中红外光谱仪收集的光谱来自不同品种组合的一系列牛群，包括纯种和杂交牛。用于分析的数据集中包含了来自 24,445 头奶牛的 41,404 条记录。共有 7,626 头杂交牛，属于 HF、MRY、DF、GWH 和 JER 品种；1,769 头纯种牛（≥87.5%），属于 MRY、DF、GWH 和 JER 品种；其余 15,050 头为荷斯坦弗里森牛。使用单性状动物模型估计品种效应。泽西牛的牛奶中短链 FA C4:0、C6:0、C8:0、C10:0、C12:0、C14:0 和 C16:0 的含量较高，格罗宁根白头牛的牛奶中 C16:0 的含量较低，与其他品种相比；然而，当调整脂肪百分比的品种差异时，并非所有品种差异都具有统计学意义。还发现了 C14:1、C16:1、C18:0 和一些 C18 不饱和 FA 的顺式-9 异构体的品种差异。一般来说，HF、MRY 和 DF 之间的牛奶脂肪组成差异不显著。泽西牛倾向于产生更多的饱和 FA，而格罗宁根白头牛则倾向于产生相对较少的饱和 FA。调整脂肪百分比的差异后，几个短链和中链 FA 的详细脂肪组成的品种差异消失或变小，而对于几个长链不饱和 FA，则发现了更显著的品种差异。这表明短链和中链 FA 与总脂肪百分比的关系比长链 FA 更密切。综上所述，品种间存在详细的 FA 组成和个别 FA 含量的差异。特别是对于通过从头合成产生的 FA（短链 FA、C12:0、C14:0 和部分 C16:0），泽西牛和格罗宁根白头牛与 HF、MRY 和 DF 品种之间存在差异。