Association of androgen binding sites with the endoplasmic reticulum of rat ventral prostate.

Microsomes from ventral prostate of 24-h castrated rats contain a single set of tissue-specific high-affinity, low-capacity androgen binding sites. These sites are indigenous to the endoplasmic reticulum, as shown by purification procedures associated with marker enzymes and electron microscopic analyses. When prostatic microsomal membranes are separated from plasma membranes using the nuclear or the mitochondrial pellets as the source of fractionation in sucrose gradients, the androgen binding activity is selectively associated with fractions rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. Eighty-four percent of the total content of Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and only 27% of the total binding capacity were concentrated in fractions rich in smooth-surfaced vesicular membranes, when nuclear suspensions constituted the membrane source. In contrast, the region of the same gradient when enriched in rough endoplasmic reticulum and deficient in plasma membrane content contained 73% of the androgen-binding capacity and only 14% of the ATPase. For fractions collected using mitochondrial suspensions as starting material, the ratio (total glucose-6-phosphatase/total binding capacity) was closer to 1.0 than similar ratios of ATPase/binding capacity, indicating co-sedimentation of binding sites with microsomal membranes and not with plasma membranes. Na+/K+ ATPase, but not 5' nucleotidase, is a valid plasma membrane marker for ventral prostate. Microsomal androgen receptors may constitute a new level of regulation of androgen action in target cells.