Kataoka Masatoshi, Abe Kaori, Hashimoto Yoshiko, Yamamura Shohei, Yatsushiro Shouki
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan.
Rinsho Byori. 2012 Nov;60(11):1094-100.
Several types of microchips have been developed for application in clinical diagnosis. A microchip made of cyclic olefin copolymer with straight microchannels (300 microm width and 100 microm depth) was employed for sandwich ELISA for the determination of serum type I C-peptide (PICP), a biomarker of osteoporosis. This assay enabled us to determine PICP with accuracy and high sensitivity, reducing the time for the immunoassay to 1/6, and the consumption of samples and reagents to 1/50 compared with the conventional method. Furthermore, cell microarray chips with 20,944 microchambers (105 microm width and 50 microm depth), made of polystyrene, were employed for malaria diagnosis and the detection of carcinoma cells among the leukocytes. Around 100 erythrocytes or leukocytes were accommodated in each microchamber with the formation of a monolayer. For malaria diagnosis, it offered 10-100 times higher sensitivity in the detection of malaria infected erythrocytes than conventional light microscopy, and easy operation within 15 min. By double staining for epithelial cells on the cell microarray chip, one carcinoma cell could be detected among 1,800,000 leukocytes. These results indicate the potential of microchips for clinic diagnosis.
已经开发出几种类型的微芯片用于临床诊断。一种由具有直微通道（宽度300微米，深度100微米）的环状烯烃共聚物制成的微芯片被用于夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA），以测定血清I型前胶原C端肽（PICP），这是一种骨质疏松症的生物标志物。该检测方法使我们能够准确且高灵敏度地测定PICP，与传统方法相比，免疫测定时间缩短至1/6，样品和试剂消耗减少至1/50。此外，由聚苯乙烯制成的具有20944个微腔（宽度105微米，深度50微米）的细胞微阵列芯片被用于疟疾诊断和白细胞中癌细胞的检测。每个微腔中容纳约100个红细胞或白细胞并形成单层。对于疟疾诊断，它在检测疟原虫感染的红细胞方面比传统光学显微镜灵敏度高10 - 100倍，并且操作简便，15分钟内即可完成。通过对细胞微阵列芯片上的上皮细胞进行双重染色，在180万个白细胞中可以检测到一个癌细胞。这些结果表明微芯片在临床诊断方面具有潜力。
