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有限时间效应和超扩散动力学中的超弱遍历破坏。

Finite-time effects and ultraweak ergodicity breaking in superdiffusive dynamics.

机构信息

Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.

出版信息

Phys Rev Lett. 2013 Jan 11;110(2):020603. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.020603. Epub 2013 Jan 10.

Abstract

We study the ergodic properties of superdiffusive, spatiotemporally coupled Lévy walk processes. For trajectories of finite duration, we reveal a distinct scatter of the scaling exponents of the time averaged mean squared displacement δx2 around the ensemble value 3-α (1<α<2) ranging from ballistic motion to subdiffusion, in strong contrast to the behavior of subdiffusive processes. In addition we find a significant dependence of the average of δx2 over an ensemble of trajectories as a function of the finite measurement time. This so-called finite-time amplitude depression and the scatter of the scaling exponent is vital in the quantitative evaluation of superdiffusive processes. Comparing the long time average of the second moment with the ensemble mean squared displacement, these only differ by a constant factor, an ultraweak ergodicity breaking.

摘要

我们研究了具有超扩散性质的时空耦合 Lévy 游走过程的遍历性质。对于有限持续时间的轨迹,我们揭示了时间平均均方位移 δx2 的标度指数围绕整体值 3-α(1<α<2)的明显分散,范围从弹道运动到亚扩散,与亚扩散过程的行为形成强烈对比。此外,我们还发现,轨迹整体的 δx2 的平均值作为有限测量时间的函数的依赖性。这种所谓的有限时间幅度衰减和标度指数的分散在超扩散过程的定量评估中是至关重要的。将第二矩的长时间平均值与轨迹整体的均方位移进行比较,它们仅相差一个常数因子,即超弱遍历性破坏。

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