Koay Shiwen, Dewan Bikash
Department of Acute Medicine, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK.
BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Feb 4;2013:bcr2012007783. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007783.
A 52-year-old man presented with vomiting, dysphagia, left-sided ataxia and dissociated sensory loss. Diffusion-weighted MRI showed evidence of acute infarct in the left lateral medulla and left medial cerebellar hemisphere, probably secondary to thromboembolism from left vertebral artery dissection. While making an uneventful recovery as an inpatient, a routine 24 h ECG was performed 2 weeks after the stroke to investigate possible paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The recording instead revealed 56 asymptomatic episodes of sinus arrest, necessitating implantation of a permanent pacemaker to prevent sudden cardiac death. The medulla contains key structures involved in autonomic regulation, including the dorsal vagal nucleus and the nucleus tractus solitarius. Acute infarction may disrupt cardiac autonomic regulation pathways, resulting in altered parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow to the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, with potentially life-threatening effects.
一名52岁男性出现呕吐、吞咽困难、左侧共济失调和分离性感觉丧失。弥散加权磁共振成像显示左侧延髓和左侧小脑半球急性梗死,可能继发于左椎动脉夹层的血栓栓塞。该患者住院期间恢复顺利,中风后2周进行了常规24小时心电图检查,以排查可能的阵发性心房颤动。检查结果却显示有56次无症状的窦性停搏发作,因此需要植入永久性起搏器以预防心脏性猝死。延髓包含参与自主神经调节的关键结构,包括迷走神经背核和孤束核。急性梗死可能会破坏心脏自主神经调节通路,导致副交感神经和交感神经向窦房结和房室结的传出改变,从而产生潜在的危及生命的影响。