Wang Bin, Ma Jian-Zhang, Chen Yi, Tan Liang-Jing, Liu Qi, Shen Qi-Qi, Liao Qing-Yi, Zhang Li-Biao
College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu. 2013 Feb;34(1):8-13. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2013.01008.
Here, we present our findings of free-flying echolocation calls of Himalayan swiftlets (Aerodramus brevirostris), which were recorded in Shenjing Cave, Hupingshan National Reserve, Shimen County, Hunan Province in June 2012, using Avisoft-UltraSoundGate 116(e). We noted that after foraging at dusk, the Himalayan swiftlets flew fast into the cave without clicks, and then slowed down in dark area in the cave, but with sounds. The echolocation sounds of Himalayan swiftlets are broadband, double noise burst clicks, separated by a short pause. The inter-pulse intervals between double clicks (99.3±3.86 ms)were longer than those within double clicks (6.6±0.42 ms) (P<0.01). With the exception of peak frequency, between 6.2±0.08 kHz and 6.2±0.10 kHz, (P>0.05) and pulse duration 2.9±0.12 ms, 3.2±0.17 ms, (P>0.05) between the first and second, other factors-maximum frequency, minimum frequency, frequency bandwidth, and power-were significantly different between the clicks. The maximum frequency of the first pulse (20.1±1.10 kHz) was higher than that of second (15.4±0.98 kHz) (P<0.01), while the minimum frequency of the first pulse (3.7±0.12 kHz) was lower than that of second (4.0±0.09 kHz) (P<0.05); resulting in the frequency bandwidth of the first pulse (16.5±1.17 kHz) longer than that of second (11.4±1.01 kHz) (P<0.01). The power of the first pulse (-32.5±0.60 dB) was higher than that of second (-35.2±0.94 dB) (P<0.05). More importantly, we found that Himalayan swiftlets emitted echolocation pulses including ultrasonic sound, with a maximum frequency reaching 33.2 kHz.
在此，我们展示了2012年6月在湖南省石门县壶瓶山国家级自然保护区神景洞，使用Avisoft-UltraSoundGate 116(e)记录的短嘴金丝燕（Aerodramus brevirostris）自由飞行时的回声定位叫声。我们注意到，短嘴金丝燕在黄昏觅食后，快速飞入洞穴且不发出咔哒声，然后在洞穴黑暗区域速度减慢，但会发出声音。短嘴金丝燕的回声定位声音是宽带的、双噪声突发咔哒声，中间有短暂停顿。双咔哒声之间的脉冲间隔（99.3±3.86毫秒）长于双咔哒声内的间隔（6.6±0.42毫秒）（P<0.01）。除了峰值频率在6.2±0.08千赫兹和6.2±0.10千赫兹之间（P>0.05）以及脉冲持续时间在第一个和第二个之间分别为2.9±0.12毫秒、3.2±0.17毫秒（P>0.05）外，其他因素——最大频率、最小频率、频率带宽和功率——在咔哒声之间存在显著差异。第一个脉冲的最大频率（20.1±1.10千赫兹）高于第二个（15.4±0.98千赫兹）（P<0.01），而第一个脉冲的最小频率（3.7±0.12千赫兹）低于第二个（4.0±0.09千赫兹）（P<0.05）；导致第一个脉冲的频率带宽（16.5±1.17千赫兹）长于第二个（11.4±1.01千赫兹）（P<0.01）。第一个脉冲的功率（-32.5±0.60分贝）高于第二个（-35.2±0.94分贝）（P<0.05）。更重要的是，我们发现短嘴金丝燕发出的回声定位脉冲包括超声波，最大频率达到33.2千赫兹。
