Chapman J, Siegel E, Cross A
Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7460.
Pediatrics. 1990 Jun;85(6):1059-68.
The relationships between selected child health outcomes and programmatic interventions using home visitors are analyzed. The following features of seven programs are systematically reported: program characteristics; description of the home visitors; program objectives, sample size, and research design; outcome measures and reported data. A number of issues such as funding and long-term viability, use of professional or paraprofessional visitors, visitor selection and supervision, and evaluation of home visitor programs require clarification and are discussed. It is concluded that home visitor programs can contribute to child health outcomes such as increased birth weight, improved prenatal care, improved maternal-infant interaction, and improved use of community resources. Pediatricians can be supportive of such programs at many levels: becoming aware of the existence and range of services of home visitor programs in their area that serve families with children and referring families to those programs; being available to advise programs that are in the planning stages; providing advocacy at the local, state, and national level for the funding and development of such programs; and taking the initiative to join multidisciplinary efforts to develop new programs.
分析了选定的儿童健康结果与使用家访员的项目干预措施之间的关系。系统报告了七个项目的以下特征：项目特点；家访员的描述；项目目标、样本量和研究设计；结果指标和报告的数据。一些问题，如资金和长期可行性、专业或准专业家访员的使用、家访员的选拔和监督以及家访员项目的评估，需要澄清并进行讨论。得出的结论是，家访员项目可以促进儿童健康结果，如增加出生体重、改善产前护理、改善母婴互动以及更好地利用社区资源。儿科医生可以在多个层面支持此类项目：了解所在地区为有孩子的家庭服务的家访员项目的存在和服务范围，并将家庭转介到这些项目；为处于规划阶段的项目提供咨询；在地方、州和国家层面为此类项目的资金和发展进行宣传；并主动参与多学科努力以开发新项目。
