Cohen M
Department of Medical Imaging, Saint-Joseph Hospital, Marseille, France.
J Ultrasound. 2012 Feb;15(1):69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jus.2011.11.001. Epub 2011 Nov 21.
Ultrasound (US) plays an essential role in the follow-up of operated tendons. The US operator must keep in mind three main elements: healing of traumatic injuries of the tendons seems to follow the biological model of histologic healing, surgical repair of a tendon rupture improves the structural parameters of the operated tendon, but it does not grant restitutio ad integrum, and US findings therefore seem poorly correlated with the functional evolution.Before examination, the US operator should be familiar with the nature of the tendon injury that has led to surgery including location, severity, time elapsed between tendon injury and surgical repair, surgical technique, postoperative course and possible complications. US findings in operated as well as non-operated tendons depend on several factors: morphology, structure, vascularization of the tendon, mobility of the tendon and mobility of the peritendinous tissues. Particular features are therefore considered according to the location: shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, knee, ankle and foot. Interpretation of the US image requires knowledge of the surgical technique and "normal" postoperative appearance of the operated tendon in order to detect pathological findings such as thinning, persistent fluid collections within or around the tendon, persistent hypervascularization, intratendinous calcifications and adhesions.
超声（US）在术后肌腱的随访中起着至关重要的作用。超声检查人员必须牢记三个主要因素：肌腱创伤性损伤的愈合似乎遵循组织学愈合的生物学模式；肌腱断裂的手术修复改善了手术肌腱的结构参数，但并不能恢复至完全正常状态，因此超声检查结果似乎与功能演变的相关性较差。在检查前，超声检查人员应熟悉导致手术的肌腱损伤的性质，包括损伤部位、严重程度、肌腱损伤与手术修复之间的时间间隔、手术技术、术后病程及可能的并发症。手术及未手术肌腱的超声检查结果取决于多个因素：肌腱的形态、结构、血管化程度、肌腱的活动度及腱周组织的活动度。因此，根据部位（肩部、肘部、腕部、手部、膝部、踝部和足部）会考虑到一些特殊特征。超声图像的解读需要了解手术技术以及手术肌腱的“正常”术后表现，以便检测出诸如肌腱变薄、肌腱内部或周围持续存在的液体积聚、持续的血管增生、肌腱内钙化及粘连等病理表现。
