Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Georgia Health Sciences University, 997 Saint Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013 Mar;15(3):345. doi: 10.1007/s11920-012-0345-0.
Schizophrenia is characterized by neurostructural and neurofunctional aberrations that have now been demonstrated through neuroimaging research. The article reviews recent studies that have attempted to use neuroimaging to understand the relation between neurological abnormalities and aspects of the phenomenology of schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies show that neurostructural and neurofunctional abnormalities are present in people with schizophrenia and their close relatives and may represent putative endophenotypes. Neuroimaging phenotypes predict the emergence of psychosis in individuals classified as high-risk. Neuroimaging studies have linked structural and functional abnormalities to symptoms; and progressive structural changes to clinical course and functional outcome. Neuroimaging has successfully indexed the neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of schizophrenia treatments. Pictures can inform about aspects of the phenomenology of schizophrenia including etiology, onset, symptoms, clinical course, and treatment effects but this assertion is tempered by the scientific and practical limitations of neuroimaging.
精神分裂症的特征是神经结构和神经功能的异常，这些异常现在已经通过神经影像学研究得到了证实。本文综述了最近试图使用神经影像学来理解神经异常与精神分裂症现象学各个方面之间关系的研究。神经影像学研究表明，精神分裂症患者及其亲属存在神经结构和功能异常，这些异常可能代表潜在的表型。神经影像学表型可以预测被归类为高风险的个体出现精神病。神经影像学研究将结构和功能异常与症状联系起来；将进行性结构变化与临床病程和功能结果联系起来。神经影像学已经成功地将精神分裂症治疗的神经毒性和神经保护作用进行了指标化。图片可以提供关于精神分裂症现象学各个方面的信息，包括病因、发病、症状、临床病程和治疗效果，但这一断言受到神经影像学的科学和实际限制的影响。
