Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2013 May;104(5):817-38. doi: 10.1037/a0031435. Epub 2013 Feb 11.
One of the assumptions of attachment theory is that individual differences in adult attachment styles emerge from individuals' developmental histories. To examine this assumption empirically, the authors report data from an age 18 follow-up (Booth-LaForce & Roisman, 2012) of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a longitudinal investigation that tracked a cohort of children and their parents from birth to age 15. Analyses indicate that individual differences in adult attachment can be traced to variations in the quality of individuals' caregiving environments, their emerging social competence, and the quality of their best friendship. Analyses also indicate that assessments of temperament and most of the specific genetic polymorphisms thus far examined in the literature on genetic correlates of attachment styles are essentially uncorrelated with adult attachment, with the exception of a polymorphism in the serotonin receptor gene (HTR2A rs6313), which modestly predicted higher attachment anxiety and which revealed a Gene × Environment interaction such that changes in maternal sensitivity across time predicted attachment-related avoidance. The implications of these data for contemporary perspectives and debates concerning adult attachment theory are discussed.
依恋理论的一个假设是，成人依恋风格的个体差异源于个体的发展历史。为了从经验上检验这一假设，作者报告了国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所早期儿童照料和青年发展研究的 18 岁随访数据（Booth-LaForce & Roisman，2012），这是一项对从出生到 15 岁的儿童及其父母进行追踪的纵向调查。分析表明，成人依恋的个体差异可以追溯到个体照料环境质量、社会能力发展以及最佳友谊质量的差异。分析还表明，气质评估和迄今为止文献中关于依恋风格遗传相关性的大多数特定基因多态性与成人依恋基本不相关，除了血清素受体基因（HTR2A rs6313）中的一个多态性，该多态性适度预测了更高的依恋焦虑，并且显示出基因与环境的相互作用，即随着时间的推移，母亲敏感性的变化预测了与依恋相关的回避。这些数据对当代有关成人依恋理论的观点和争论具有重要意义。
