Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.
Br J Clin Psychol. 2013 Mar;52(1):92-106. doi: 10.1111/bjc.12003. Epub 2012 Oct 16.
The objective of this study was to investigate how Norwegian children on holiday in Southeast Asia coped when the tsunami hit December 26, 2004. The goal is to understand more about children and adolescents' immediate coping strategies when faced with a life-threatening situation. Acquiring more knowledge on coping strategies at different points in the recovery process can be useful for gaining insight to the relationship between coping and psychological adjustment.
Semi-structured interviews of 56 children aged 6-18 years (36 girls and 20 boys) were conducted in their homes approximately 10 months after the tsunami. The interviews were analysed using qualitative methods.
Two primary coping strategies were described and labelled as self-soothing thoughts and behavioural strategies. Self-soothing thoughts were divided into five categories: positive thinking; avoidant thinking; rational thoughts; and thoughts on parental competencies and parental protection. Behavioural strategies were divided into six categories: attachment seeking behaviour; distraction behaviour; helping others; seeking information and comfort; and talking.
The children's coping responses point to the developmental aspects of coping and how children are dependent upon adults for guidance and protection. In addition, very few youth reported using problem-focused coping strategies that are normally thought of as helpful in the aftermath of trauma, whereas strategies often thought of as not so helpful such as distraction and avoidance, was more predominant. It may be that helpful immediate coping strategies are different from long-term coping strategies, and that coping strategies differ according to the degree of perceived control of the situation.
本研究旨在调查 2004 年 12 月 26 日海啸袭击时，在东南亚度假的挪威儿童是如何应对的。目的是更深入地了解儿童和青少年在面临危及生命的情况时的即时应对策略。在恢复过程的不同阶段获取更多应对策略的知识，有助于深入了解应对策略与心理适应之间的关系。
对 56 名 6-18 岁的儿童（36 名女孩和 20 名男孩）进行了半结构化访谈，这些儿童在海啸发生大约 10 个月后在家中接受了访谈。使用定性方法对访谈进行了分析。
描述并标记了两种主要的应对策略，分别为自我安慰的想法和行为策略。自我安慰的想法分为五类：积极思考、回避思考、理性思考、父母能力和父母保护的思考。行为策略分为六类：寻求依附的行为、分散注意力的行为、帮助他人、寻求信息和安慰、交谈。
儿童的应对反应指向应对的发展方面，以及儿童在指导和保护方面对成人的依赖。此外，很少有年轻人报告使用通常被认为在创伤后有帮助的问题焦点应对策略，而更多的是被认为没有帮助的策略，如分散注意力和回避。这可能是因为即时应对策略不同于长期应对策略，并且应对策略根据对情况的感知控制程度而有所不同。
