Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2013 Mar;39(3):387-400. doi: 10.1177/0146167212475320.
This research examined whether feeling powerful can eliminate the deleterious effect of stereotype threat (i.e., concerns about confirming a negative self-relevant stereotype) on women's math performance. In Experiments 1 and 2, priming women with high power buffered them from reduced math performance in response to stereotype threat instructions, whereas women in the low and control power conditions showed poorer math performance in response to threat. Experiment 3 found that working memory capacity is one mechanism through which power moderates the effect of threat on women's math performance. In the low and control power conditions, women showed reduced working memory capacity in response to stereotype threat, accounting for threat's effect on performance. In contrast, women in the high power condition did not show reductions in working memory capacity or math performance in response to threat. This work demonstrates that perceived power moderates stereotype threat-based performance effects and explains why this occurs.
这项研究考察了感觉有权力是否可以消除刻板印象威胁（即担心证实与自我相关的负面刻板印象）对女性数学表现的有害影响。在实验 1 和 2 中，高权力感的女性在面对刻板印象威胁指令时，不会因为威胁而导致数学表现下降，而低权力感和控制组的女性在面对威胁时则表现出更差的数学表现。实验 3 发现，工作记忆容量是权力调节威胁对女性数学表现影响的一种机制。在低权力感和控制组的情况下，女性在面对刻板印象威胁时表现出工作记忆容量的下降，这解释了威胁对表现的影响。相比之下，高权力感的女性在面对威胁时，工作记忆容量和数学表现都没有下降。这项工作表明，感知到的权力可以调节基于刻板印象威胁的表现效应，并解释了为什么会出现这种情况。
