IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, UK.
Mol Ecol. 2013 Apr;22(8):2292-300. doi: 10.1111/mec.12238. Epub 2013 Feb 12.
Aggressive behaviour plays an important role in securing resources, defending against predators and shaping social interactions. Although aggression can have positive effects on growth and reproductive success, it is also energetically costly and may increase injury and compromise survival. Individual genetic diversity has been positively associated with aggression, but the cause for such an association is not clear, and it might be related to the ability to recognize kin. To disentangle the relationships between genetic diversity, kinship and aggression, we quantified aggressive behaviour in a wild, self-fertilizing fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) with naturally variable degrees of genetic diversity, relatedness and familiarity. We found that in contrast to captive fish, levels of aggression among wild K. marmoratus are positively associated with individual homozygosity, but not with relatedness or familiarity. We suggest that the higher aggression shown by homozygous fish could be related to better kin discrimination and may be facilitated by hermaphrodite competition for scarce males, given the fitness advantages provided by outcrossing in terms of parasite resistance. It seems likely that the relationship between aggression and genetic diversity is largely influenced by both the environment and population history.
攻击性行为在获取资源、抵御捕食者和塑造社交互动方面起着重要作用。尽管攻击性行为对生长和繁殖成功有积极影响，但它也会耗费大量能量，并可能增加受伤和降低生存机会。个体遗传多样性与攻击性呈正相关，但这种关联的原因尚不清楚，可能与识别亲属的能力有关。为了理清遗传多样性、亲缘关系和攻击性之间的关系，我们量化了具有自然遗传多样性、亲缘关系和熟悉度的野生自交鱼类（Kryptolebias marmoratus）的攻击性行为。我们发现，与圈养鱼类不同，野生 K. marmoratus 的攻击性水平与个体的纯合度呈正相关，而与亲缘关系或熟悉度无关。我们认为，纯合鱼类表现出更高的攻击性可能与更好的亲属识别有关，并且可能会受到雌雄同体竞争稀缺雄性的促进，因为在抵御寄生虫方面，异交提供了适应优势。攻击性和遗传多样性之间的关系很可能主要受到环境和种群历史的影响。
