Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia.
Waste Manag. 2013 May;33(5):1237-50. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.01.006. Epub 2013 Feb 10.
Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest-growing pollution problems worldwide given the presence if a variety of toxic substances which can contaminate the environment and threaten human health, if disposal protocols are not meticulously managed. This paper presents an overview of toxic substances present in e-waste, their potential environmental and human health impacts together with management strategies currently being used in certain countries. Several tools including life cycle assessment (LCA), material flow analysis (MFA), multi criteria analysis (MCA) and extended producer responsibility (EPR) have been developed to manage e-wastes especially in developed countries. The key to success in terms of e-waste management is to develop eco-design devices, properly collect e-waste, recover and recycle material by safe methods, dispose of e-waste by suitable techniques, forbid the transfer of used electronic devices to developing countries, and raise awareness of the impact of e-waste. No single tool is adequate but together they can complement each other to solve this issue. A national scheme such as EPR is a good policy in solving the growing e-waste problems.
电子垃圾（e-waste）是全球增长最快的污染问题之一，因为其中存在各种有毒物质，如果处理协议没有得到精心管理，这些物质可能会污染环境并威胁人类健康。本文概述了电子垃圾中存在的有毒物质，以及它们对环境和人类健康的潜在影响，以及某些国家目前正在使用的管理策略。已经开发了几种工具，包括生命周期评估（LCA）、物质流分析（MFA）、多标准分析（MCA）和扩展生产者责任（EPR），以管理电子垃圾，特别是在发达国家。电子废物管理成功的关键是开发生态设计设备，正确收集电子废物，通过安全的方法回收和再循环材料，通过合适的技术处理电子废物，禁止将用过的电子设备转移到发展中国家，并提高人们对电子废物影响的认识。没有单一的工具是足够的，但它们可以相互补充，共同解决这个问题。EPR 等国家计划是解决日益严重的电子废物问题的好政策。
