Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Cogn Neuropsychol. 2012;29(5-6):447-63. doi: 10.1080/02643294.2012.752723.
The deficit in face recognition in individuals with prosopagnosia has often been attributed to an underlying impairment in holistic processing. Exactly what constitutes holistic processing has remained controversial, however. Here, we compare how configural information and featural information interact during face processing in a group of individuals with congenital prosopagnosia (CP) and matched controls. We adopted Amishav and Kimchi's version of Garner's speeded classification task, in which observers classify upright faces based on configural (intereyes and nose-mouth spacing) or featural (shape of eyes, nose, and mouth) information while the other dimension remains constant or varied randomly. We replicated the finding that normal observers evince symmetric Garner interference--failure to selectively attend to features without being influenced by irrelevant variation in configuration, and vice versa--indicating that featural and configural information are integral in normal face processing. In contrast, the CPs showed no Garner interference: They were able to attend to configural information without interference from irrelevant variation in featural information, and they were able to attend to featural information without interference from irrelevant variation in configural information. The absence of Garner interference in CP provides strong evidence that featural information and configural information are perceptually separable in CP's face processing. These findings indicate that CPs do not perceive faces holistically; rather, they process featural and configural information independently.
面孔失认症个体的面孔识别缺陷通常归因于整体加工的潜在损伤。然而,什么构成了整体加工仍然存在争议。在这里,我们比较了一组先天性面孔失认症(CP)患者和匹配的对照组在面孔加工过程中,组态信息和特征信息是如何相互作用的。我们采用了 Amishav 和 Kimchi 对 Garner 加速分类任务的修改版,在该任务中,观察者根据组态(眼睛之间和口鼻之间的间距)或特征(眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴的形状)信息对直立面孔进行分类,而另一个维度保持不变或随机变化。我们复制了正常观察者表现出对称的加内尔干扰的发现——无法选择性地关注特征,而不受配置中不相关变化的影响,反之亦然——表明特征和组态信息是正常面孔处理的一个组成部分。相比之下,CP 没有表现出加内尔干扰:他们能够专注于组态信息,而不受特征信息中不相关变化的干扰,他们也能够专注于特征信息,而不受组态信息中不相关变化的干扰。CP 中缺乏加内尔干扰有力地证明了特征信息和组态信息在 CP 的面孔处理中是可感知分离的。这些发现表明,CP 不会整体感知面孔;相反,他们独立地处理特征和组态信息。
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