Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
Jpn J Infect Dis. 2013;66(1):17-21. doi: 10.7883/yoken.66.17.
A mass rabies vaccination of dogs has been conducted annually in Japan over the last 60 years. To assess both current levels of rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) in dogs and the rationale for current vaccination procedures, we used a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test to determine VNA levels in 756 dogs that had visited animal hospitals in Japan. We found that 51.1% of the dogs that had received 1 rabies vaccination had protective VNA levels (≥0.5 IU/ml) with a geometric mean of 0.61 IU/ml. In contrast, 97.8% of the dogs that had been vaccinated at least twice had protective VNA levels with a geometric mean of 7.86 IU/ml. Furthermore, 97.9-100% of the dogs vaccinated at least twice retained protective VNA levels into the second year after the last vaccination. Although VNA levels in the dogs vaccinated at least twice tended to decline 2 years after the last vaccination, 78.9% retained protective VNA levels. Thus, the current rabies vaccination schedule provides adequate protection, but the registration system and vaccination schedule needs to be improved to ensure that increased numbers of dogs are vaccinated against rabies.
在过去的 60 年里，日本每年都会对犬只进行大规模的狂犬病疫苗接种。为了评估犬只目前的狂犬病病毒中和抗体 (VNA) 水平以及当前疫苗接种程序的合理性，我们使用快速荧光灶抑制试验对在日本动物医院就诊的 756 只犬进行了 VNA 水平检测。结果发现，51.1%接受过 1 次狂犬病疫苗接种的犬只具有保护效力的 VNA 水平（≥0.5 IU/ml），几何平均滴度为 0.61 IU/ml。相比之下，97.8%至少接受过 2 次疫苗接种的犬只具有保护效力的 VNA 水平，几何平均滴度为 7.86 IU/ml。此外，至少接受过 2 次疫苗接种的犬只在最后一次接种后的第二年仍保持保护效力的 VNA 水平，97.9-100%。虽然至少接受过 2 次疫苗接种的犬只的 VNA 水平在最后一次接种后 2 年内有下降趋势，但仍有 78.9%的犬只保留了保护效力的 VNA 水平。因此，目前的狂犬病疫苗接种计划提供了足够的保护，但需要改进注册系统和疫苗接种计划，以确保更多的犬只接种狂犬病疫苗。
