Katona Zsuzsa, Körmendi Attila
Debreceni Egyetem, Pszichologiai Intezet, Szemelyiseg- es Klinikai Pszichologia Tanszek, Hungary.
Psychiatr Hung. 2012;27(6):435-45.
Literature of gambling addiction has become widespread in last years. Many studies were written about the vulnerability factors helping the development of addiction, theoretical models, comorbid problems and therapy possibilities. Currently there is no integrated theoretical model that could explain sufficiently the development and maintenance of pathological gambling. The treatment issue is also unresolved. Cognitive psychology is a dynamically developing field of psychology and good results are achieved in gambling treatment with applying cognitive techniques. Jeffrey Young's schema-focused therapy is a recent theoretical and therapeutic direction within cognitive psychology which emphasizes the necessity of emotional changes beside rational ones in the interest of efficiency.
The purpose of our research is to examine and analyse active maladaptive schemas among gamblers who are members of Gamblers Anonymous self-help group.
23 control persons and 23 gamblers associated with support group of Gamblers Anonymous took part in our research. The severity of gambling behaviour was measured by Gamblers Anonymous Twenty Questions. For exploring maladaptive schemas we used the shorter 114-item version of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3).
All the examined gamblers were considered as problem gamblers based on Gamblers Anonymous Twenty Questions. In the control group there where no active schemas while in the group of gamblers several schemas (Emotional deprivation, Self-sacrifice, Recognition seeking, Emotional inhibition, Unrelenting standards, Self-punitiveness, Insufficient self-control) showed activity. Active schemas show similarity in their matter with main establishments of researches about gamblers and support the role of impulsivity, narcissistic traits, self-medicalization and emotional deprivation in the development and maintenance of pathological gambling.
近年来，关于赌博成瘾的文献已广泛传播。许多研究围绕促成成瘾发展的易感性因素、理论模型、共病问题及治疗可能性展开。目前尚无一个综合理论模型能够充分解释病态赌博的发展与维持。治疗问题也尚未解决。认知心理学是心理学中一个动态发展的领域，运用认知技术在赌博治疗中取得了良好效果。杰弗里·扬的聚焦图式疗法是认知心理学中一个较新的理论和治疗方向，它强调为提高疗效，除理性改变外，情感改变也很必要。
我们研究的目的是检查和分析匿名戒赌者自助组织成员中的活跃适应不良图式。
23名对照者和23名与匿名戒赌者支持组织相关的赌博者参与了我们的研究。赌博行为的严重程度通过匿名戒赌者二十问进行测量。为探究适应不良图式，我们使用了较短的114项版的扬式图式问卷（YSQ-S3）。
根据匿名戒赌者二十问，所有被检查的赌博者都被视为问题赌博者。对照组中没有活跃图式，而在赌博者组中，有几个图式（情感剥夺、自我牺牲、寻求认可、情感抑制、严苛标准、自我惩罚、自控不足）表现出活跃。活跃图式在其内容上与关于赌博者的主要研究成果相似，并支持冲动性、自恋特质、自我医疗化及情感剥夺在病态赌博发展与维持中的作用。
