Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University and UKGM GmbH Marburg, Feldbergstr. 45, 35033, Marburg, Germany.
Heart Fail Rev. 2013 May;18(3):361-5. doi: 10.1007/s10741-013-9383-x.
Pericardial cysts are rare. They are often asymptomatic mediastinal abnormalities, which are usually congenital. If symptomatic differential diagnosis can pose a diagnostic challenge since it has to consider the different causes of pericardial effusion including malignant forms. In 2 symptomatic female patients (aged 51 and 58 years) pericardiocentesis, pericardioscopy and pericardial fluid analysis confirmed the diagnosis of "spring water cysts." Pericardioscopy excluded protrusions, petechial bleeding, neovascularization or inflammation. Application of contrast media into the cyst confirmed by radiological control that no communication to the true pericardial sac was present. So after aspiration of the entire fluid, subsequent instillation of 10 ml ethanol for a few minutes was carried out to prevent recurrence of the cystic formation. The aspiration of the residual fluid under moderate suction demonstrated and 24-h clinical observation at the ICU completed the short intervention. All symptoms were relieved immediately in both patients. Recurrence was not observed in the follow-up.
心包囊肿罕见，多为无症状纵隔异常，通常为先天性。若出现症状，鉴别诊断具有一定挑战性，因其须考虑心包积液的不同病因，包括恶性肿瘤。在 2 例有症状的女性患者（年龄分别为 51 岁和 58 岁）中，心包穿刺、心包镜和心包液分析证实了“泉水囊肿”的诊断。心包镜检查排除了隆起、瘀点出血、新生血管形成或炎症。放射学控制下向囊肿内应用造影剂证实，与真正的心包腔无交通。因此，在抽吸完所有液体后，随后注入 10ml 乙醇持续几分钟，以防止囊肿再次形成。适度抽吸剩余液体，并在心外科重症监护病房（ICU）进行 24 小时临床观察，完成了这一短期干预。所有患者的症状均立即得到缓解。在随访中均未观察到复发。
