Early Stage Development ESD - Modeling and Simulations, Merck and Co., Upper Gwynedd, PA, USA.
J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Aug;28(8):1830-6. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.1900.
JTT-305/MK-5442 is a calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) allosteric antagonist being investigated for the treatment of osteoporosis. JTT-305/MK-5442 binds to CaSRs, thus preventing receptor activation by Ca(2+) . In the parathyroid gland, this results in the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Sharp spikes in PTH secretion followed by rapid returns to baseline are associated with bone formation, whereas sustained elevation in PTH is associated with bone resorption. We have developed a semimechanistic, nonpopulation model of the time-course relationship between JTT-305/MK-5442 and whole plasma PTH concentrations to describe both the secretion of PTH and the kinetics of its return to baseline levels. We obtained mean concentration data for JTT-305/MK-5442 and whole PTH from a multiple dose study in U.S. postmenopausal women at doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg. We hypothesized that PTH is released from two separate sources: a reservoir that is released rapidly (within minutes) in response to reduction in Ca(2+) binding, and a second source released more slowly following hours of reduced Ca(2+) binding. We modeled the release rates of these reservoirs as maximum pharmacologic effect (Emax ) functions of JTT-305/MK-5442 concentration. Our model describes both the dose-dependence of PTH time of occurrence for maximum drug concentration (Tmax ) and maximum concentration of drug (Cmax ), and the extent and duration of the observed nonmonotonic return of PTH to baseline levels following JTT-305/MK-5442 administration.
JTT-305/MK-5442 是一种钙敏感受体 (CaSR) 变构拮抗剂,正在研究用于治疗骨质疏松症。JTT-305/MK-5442 与 CaSR 结合,从而防止 Ca(2+) 激活受体。在甲状旁腺中,这导致甲状旁腺激素 (PTH) 的释放。PTH 分泌的急剧尖峰随后迅速恢复到基线与骨形成有关,而 PTH 的持续升高与骨吸收有关。我们已经开发了一种半机械、非群体模型,用于描述 JTT-305/MK-5442 与全血浆 PTH 浓度之间的时间关系,以描述 PTH 的分泌及其恢复到基线水平的动力学。我们从美国绝经后妇女的一项多剂量研究中获得了 JTT-305/MK-5442 和全 PTH 的平均浓度数据,剂量分别为 5、10、15 和 20mg。我们假设 PTH 是从两个独立的来源释放的:一个储库,在 Ca(2+) 结合减少时迅速释放(在数分钟内),另一个储库在 Ca(2+) 结合减少数小时后缓慢释放。我们将这些储库的释放速率建模为 JTT-305/MK-5442 浓度的最大药效 (Emax) 函数。我们的模型描述了 PTH 最大药物浓度 (Tmax) 和药物最大浓度 (Cmax) 的发生时间以及 JTT-305/MK-5442 给药后观察到的 PTH 非单调回归到基线水平的程度和持续时间的剂量依赖性。