1Athletic Training Education Program, College of Education, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington; 2Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington; and 3Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Nov;27(11):3173-82. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828a1fe2.
A knowledge of neck strength is important for developing conditioning protocols and for evaluating the relationship between neck strength and head and neck injury, but very few studies have examined neck strength in relationship to athletic participation. The purpose of this study was to quantify isometric neck strength in collegiate and high school athletes. We hypothesized that (a) male athletes would have significantly greater neck strength than females; (b) collegiate athletes would be significantly stronger than high school athletes; and (c) neck strength would vary significantly with head posture. A total of 149 subjects participated (77 men and 72 women; 90 college and 59 high school level). Flexion, extension, and lateral flexion neck strength were measured in neutral and rotated head and neck postures. Neck strength varied significantly according to participants' sex, age, and posture (p < 0.05). Male college students were stronger than those in all other groups (female college students, male high school students, and female high school students). The average female neck strength was 61, 54, and 56% of the average male neck strength for extension, flexion, and lateral flexion, respectively. High school athletes' neck strength was 75, 68, and 65% of collegiate athletes' neck strength for extension, flexion, and lateral flexion, respectively. On average, neck strength was the greatest for extension compared with other force directions. The subjects showed large variation in neck strength with posture, but in general, there were no consistent trends among the subjects. This finding suggests that those whose neck strength was considerably lower in nonneutral postures may consider training to increase strength in rotated postures. These data provide important baseline information for future studies evaluating injury risk or training protocols.
颈部力量的知识对于制定训练方案和评估颈部力量与头颈部损伤之间的关系非常重要，但很少有研究检查过与运动参与相关的颈部力量。本研究的目的是量化大学生和高中生运动员的等长颈部力量。我们假设：(a)男性运动员的颈部力量明显大于女性；(b)大学生运动员的颈部力量明显大于高中生运动员；(c)颈部力量会随着头部姿势的变化而显著变化。共有 149 名参与者（77 名男性和 72 名女性；90 名大学生和 59 名高中生）。在中立和旋转的头颈部姿势下测量了颈部的屈伸和侧屈力量。颈部力量根据参与者的性别、年龄和姿势有显著差异（p < 0.05）。男大学生比其他所有组别的力量都要强（女大学生、男高中生和女高中生）。女性的颈部伸展力量平均为男性的 61%、54%和 56%，屈伸和侧屈力量分别为男性的 61%、54%和 56%。高中生运动员的颈部力量分别为大学生运动员的 75%、68%和 65%。与其他力量方向相比，平均而言，颈部伸展力量最大。受试者的颈部力量随姿势变化而有很大差异，但总体而言，受试者之间没有一致的趋势。这一发现表明，那些在非中立姿势下颈部力量明显较低的人可能需要考虑进行旋转姿势的力量训练。这些数据为未来评估损伤风险或训练方案的研究提供了重要的基线信息。
