Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Can J Psychiatry. 2013 Feb;58(2):76-83. doi: 10.1177/070674371305800203.
Family, twin, and epidemiologic studies have suggested that both genes and environment are important risk factors for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). In the absence of consistent and strong main genetic effects, numerous studies have supported gene-environment interactions in this disorder. While the impact of negative environmental factors, such as early life stress, traumatic experiences, and negative life events have been established as risk factors, they are not sufficient to predict MDD. This article will review evidence suggesting that genetic variants moderate the effects of adversities on the development of MDD, with a focus on the importance of careful characterization of the stressful life events as well as systemic and molecular mechanisms that potentially mediate these gene-environment interactions.
家族、双胞胎和流行病学研究表明，基因和环境都是导致重度抑郁症（MDD）的重要风险因素。在没有一致且强烈的主要遗传效应的情况下，许多研究支持这种疾病的基因-环境相互作用。虽然负面环境因素的影响，如生命早期的压力、创伤经历和负面生活事件，已被确定为风险因素，但它们不足以预测 MDD。本文将综述表明遗传变异可调节逆境对 MDD 发展影响的证据，重点关注对压力生活事件进行仔细特征描述以及可能介导这些基因-环境相互作用的系统和分子机制的重要性。
