Schuchat Anne
Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
S D Med. 2013;Spec no:27-32.
Most vaccine-preventable diseases in the U.S. are at record low levels, and immunization coverage among toddlers and teenagers is high or increasing. However, importations of measles virus from other countries, resurgences of pertussis and mumps, and the 2009 pandemic of influenza A H1N1 are reminders that Americans remain vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases and that sustained support for public health and clinician efforts is needed. Geographic areas with high rates of exemptions from vaccinations required for school attendance place communities at risk for disease outbreaks. There has been much progress internationally in reducing the toll of vaccine-preventable diseases, through public-private partnerships like the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI). Paralytic poliomyelitis is on the verge of eradication, with wild virus transmission continuing in only three countries - Nigeria, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Intensified efforts in those countries are critical. The Decade of Vaccines Collaboration offers an opportunity to strengthen immunization in every community and country.
美国大多数可通过疫苗预防的疾病处于历史最低水平，幼儿和青少年的免疫接种覆盖率很高或正在上升。然而，从其他国家输入的麻疹病毒、百日咳和腮腺炎的再度流行，以及2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行都提醒人们，美国人仍然容易感染可通过疫苗预防的疾病，并且需要持续支持公共卫生和临床医生的工作。学校入学所需疫苗接种豁免率高的地理区域使社区面临疾病暴发的风险。通过像全球疫苗免疫联盟（GAVI）这样的公私伙伴关系，国际上在降低可通过疫苗预防疾病的危害方面已经取得了很大进展。麻痹性脊髓灰质炎已濒临根除，仅在三个国家——尼日利亚、阿富汗和巴基斯坦仍有野生病毒传播。在这些国家加大努力至关重要。疫苗十年合作提供了一个加强每个社区和国家免疫工作的机会。
