Błaszkowska Joanna, Wójcik Anna
Chair of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Hallera Square, 90-647 Lodz, Poland.
Ann Parasitol. 2012;58(3):111-23.
Current issues concerning Parasitology and Mycology with regard to diseases of the skin and its appendages are presented. Aspects of diagnostics, clinical picture and therapy of skin and nail mycoses, as well as difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of both native parasitoses (toxoplasmosis) and imported human tropical parasitoses (malaria, filariosis) have been emphasised. The clinical importance of environmental mould fungi in nosocomial infections and fungal meningitis, as well as selected properties of fungi isolated from patients with head and neck neoplasms treated by radiotherapy are discussed. Other mycological topics include the characteristics of newly-synthesized thiosemicarbazides and thiadiazoles as potential drugs against toxoplasmosis and their biological activity against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, selected molecular mechanisms of resistance to azoles, Candida albicans strains and a new tool (barcoding DNA) for describing the biodiversity of potential allergenic molds. The importance of environmental factors in pathogenesis of mycoses and parasitoses is noted. The characteristics of pathogenic fungi isolated from natural ponds in Bialystok and potentially pathogenic yeast-like fungi isolated from children's recreation areas in Lodz are presented. The ongoing problem of anthropozoonoses is considered, as are the roles of stray cats and dogs in contaminating soil with the developing forms of intestinal parasites. The characteristics of the human microbiome, including population composition, activity and their importance in normal human physiology, are presented, as are the major goals of the Human Microbiome Project initiated by National Institutes of Health (NIH).
本文介绍了寄生虫学和真菌学在皮肤及其附属器疾病方面的当前问题。重点阐述了皮肤和指甲真菌病的诊断、临床表现及治疗方面，以及原生寄生虫病（弓形虫病）和输入性人类热带寄生虫病（疟疾、丝虫病）在诊断和治疗上的困难。讨论了环境霉菌在医院感染和真菌性脑膜炎中的临床重要性，以及从接受放射治疗的头颈部肿瘤患者中分离出的真菌的某些特性。其他真菌学主题包括新合成的硫代氨基脲和噻二唑作为抗弓形虫潜在药物的特性及其对刚地弓形虫速殖子的生物活性、对唑类耐药的选定分子机制、白色念珠菌菌株以及一种用于描述潜在致敏霉菌生物多样性的新工具（DNA条形码）。文中指出了环境因素在真菌病和寄生虫病发病机制中的重要性。介绍了从比亚韦斯托克天然池塘中分离出的致病真菌以及从罗兹儿童游乐区分离出的潜在致病酵母样真菌的特性。文中考虑了人兽共患病这一持续存在的问题，以及流浪猫和狗在将肠道寄生虫发育形式污染土壤方面所起的作用。介绍了人类微生物组的特性，包括种群组成、活性及其在正常人体生理学中的重要性，以及美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）发起的人类微生物组计划的主要目标。
