Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Padiglione Maragliano, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Immunotherapy. 2013 Mar;5(3):257-64. doi: 10.2217/imt.12.157.
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for allergic respiratory diseases was first described in 1986 and immediately appeared as a viable alternative to the traditional subcutaneous route. Since then, more than 60 randomized controlled trials have been published, almost all with very favorable results. The average improvement over placebo in symptom score and medication use was always greater than 20%. The results of the clinical trials were pooled in several meta-analyses, which consistently confirmed the efficacy of the treatment. SLIT is characterized by a satisfactory safety profile, its side effects being mainly limited to oral discomfort. Only six anaphylaxes and no fatalities have been so far reported. Due to the good risk:benefit ratio, SLIT is currently being investigated in diseases other than respiratory allergy, such as food allergy and atopic dermatitis.
舌下免疫疗法（SLIT）于 1986 年首次被描述，立即成为传统皮下给药途径的可行替代方案。此后，发表了 60 多项随机对照试验，几乎所有试验结果都非常有利。症状评分和药物使用的平均改善率始终大于 20%。临床试验结果在几项荟萃分析中进行了汇总，这些分析一致证实了该治疗的疗效。SLIT 的安全性特征良好，其副作用主要限于口腔不适。迄今为止，仅报告了 6 例过敏反应，无死亡病例。由于良好的风险效益比，SLIT 目前正在研究除呼吸道过敏以外的疾病，如食物过敏和特应性皮炎。
