Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS-INRCA, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
Drug Saf. 2012 Jan;35 Suppl 1:3-20. doi: 10.1007/BF03319099.
Older adults are more susceptible to the prevalence of therapeutic failure and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Recent advances in genomic research have shed light on the crucial role of genetic variants, mainly involving genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters and genes responsible for a compound's mechanism of action, in driving different treatment responses among individuals, in terms of therapeutic efficacy and safety. The interindividual variations of these genes may account for the differences observed in drug efficacy and the appearance of ADRs in elderly people. The advent of whole genome mapping techniques has allowed researchers to begin to characterize the genetic components underlying serious ADRs. The identification and validation of these genetic markers will enable the screening of patients at risk of serious ADRs and to establish personalized treatment regimens.The aim of this review was to provide an update on the recent developments in geriatric pharmacogenetics in clinical practice by reviewing the available evidence in the PubMed database to September 2012. A Pubmed search was performed (years 1999-2012) using the following two search strategies: ('pharmacogenomic' OR 'pharmacogenetic ') AND ('geriatric' or 'elderly ') AND 'adverse drug reactions'; [gene name] AND ('geriatric' or 'elderly ') AND 'adverse drug reactions', in which the gene names were those contained in the Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labels published online by the US Food and Drug Administration ( http://www.fda.gov/drugs/scienceresearch/researchareas/pharmacogenetics/ucm083378.htm ). Reference lists of included original articles and relevant review articles were also screened. The search was limited to studies published in the English language.
老年人更容易受到治疗失败和药物不良反应（ADR）的影响。基因组学研究的最新进展揭示了遗传变异在驱动个体间不同治疗反应方面的关键作用，这些遗传变异主要涉及编码药物代谢酶、药物转运体和负责化合物作用机制的基因。这些基因的个体间差异可能导致老年人在药物疗效和 ADR 出现方面的差异。全基因组图谱技术的出现使研究人员能够开始描述严重 ADR 背后的遗传成分。这些遗传标志物的识别和验证将能够筛选出有严重 ADR 风险的患者，并建立个体化的治疗方案。本综述的目的是通过回顾 2012 年 9 月之前在 PubMed 数据库中可获得的证据，提供老年人群药物基因组学在临床实践中的最新进展。使用以下两种搜索策略在 Pubmed 上进行了搜索（1999 年至 2012 年）：（“pharmacogenomic”或“pharmacogenetic”）和（“geriatric”或“elderly”）和“adverse drug reactions”；[基因名称]和（“geriatric”或“elderly”）和“adverse drug reactions”，其中基因名称是美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）在线发布的药物标签中包含的药物基因组生物标志物表（http://www.fda.gov/drugs/scienceresearch/researchareas/pharmacogenetics/ucm083378.htm）中的名称。还对纳入的原始文章和相关综述文章的参考文献进行了筛选。搜索仅限于发表在英语中的研究。
