Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Applied Social Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University Canterbury, Kent, UK.
Front Psychol. 2013 Feb 28;4:93. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00093. eCollection 2013.
Theories of embodied cognition (e.g., Perceptual Symbol Systems Theory; Barsalou, 1999, 2009) suggest that modality specific simulations underlie the representation of concepts. Supporting evidence comes from modality switch costs: participants are slower to verify a property in one modality (e.g., auditory, BLENDER-loud) after verifying a property in a different modality (e.g., gustatory, CRANBERRIES-tart) compared to the same modality (e.g., LEAVES-rustling, Pecher et al., 2003). Similarly, modality switching costs lead to a modulation of the N400 effect in event-related potentials (ERPs; Collins et al., 2011; Hald et al., 2011). This effect of modality switching has also been shown to interact with the veracity of the sentence (Hald et al., 2011). The current ERP study further explores the role of modality match/mismatch on the processing of veracity as well as negation (sentences containing "not"). Our results indicate a modulation in the ERP based on modality and veracity, plus an interaction. The evidence supports the idea that modality specific simulations occur during language processing, and furthermore suggest that these simulations alter the processing of negation.
具身认知理论（例如，知觉符号系统理论；Barsalou，1999 年，2009 年）表明，概念的表示是基于特定于模态的模拟。支持证据来自模态切换成本：与同一模态（例如，LEAVES-沙沙作响，Pecher 等人，2003 年）相比，参与者在验证不同模态（例如，味觉，CRANBERRIES-酸）中的一个属性后，验证一个属性的速度较慢模态（例如，听觉，BLENDER-响亮）。同样，模态切换成本会导致事件相关电位（ERP）中 N400 效应的调制（Collins 等人，2011 年；Hald 等人，2011 年）。这种模态切换的效果也已被证明与句子的真实性（Hald 等人，2011 年）相互作用。当前的 ERP 研究进一步探讨了模态匹配/不匹配对真实性和否定（包含“不”的句子）处理的作用。我们的结果表明，基于模态和真实性的 ERP 会发生调制，此外还表明这些模拟会改变否定的处理。
该研究结果支持了在语言处理过程中会发生特定于模态的模拟的观点，并且进一步表明这些模拟会改变否定的处理方式。
