Staudacher Karin, Schallhart Nikolaus, Pitterl Peter, Wallinger Corinna, Brunner Nina, Landl Marion, Kromp Bernhard, Glauninger Johann, Traugott Michael
Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
J Pest Sci (2004). 2013 Mar;86(1):33-39. doi: 10.1007/s10340-011-0393-y. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are abundant soil-dwelling herbivores which can inflict considerable damage to field crops. In Europe up to 40 species occur, differing in their ecology and pest status. Their distribution in the larval stage, however, has rarely been assessed because of the considerable effort in collecting wireworms and the difficulties in identifying them to species-level. Here, we examined the occurrence of wireworms in Austrian agricultural land with regard to their association with climatic and soil parameters. Using a molecular identification system, 1348 field-collected larvae from 85 sites were identified to species-level. Three species, , , , and two that could not be discerned molecularly ( and ), were assigned to two ecological groups: (i) , found in areas with a warmer, drier climate and alkaline soils, and (ii) which occur mainly at higher altitude characterised by lower temperatures, higher precipitation and acidic, humus-rich soils. was abundant throughout Austria, confirming its euryoecious nature. Only one larva of was found, prohibiting further analysis. These data contribute to a characterisation of species-specific traits in larvae in agricultural land, an important prerequisite to develop efficient control strategies for these wireworms.
金针虫（鞘翅目：叩头虫科）是大量栖息于土壤中的食草动物，会对田间作物造成相当大的损害。在欧洲有多达40种金针虫，它们的生态和害虫状况各不相同。然而，由于收集金针虫的工作量很大，且难以将它们鉴定到物种水平，因此很少评估它们幼虫阶段的分布情况。在这里，我们研究了奥地利农田中金针虫的发生情况及其与气候和土壤参数的关系。使用分子鉴定系统，对从85个地点采集的1348只田间幼虫进行了物种水平的鉴定。三种物种，[此处原文未明确写出物种名称]，以及两种无法通过分子手段区分的物种（[此处原文未明确写出物种名称]和[此处原文未明确写出物种名称]），被归为两个生态组：（i）[此处原文未明确写出物种名称]，发现于气候较温暖、干燥且土壤呈碱性的地区；（ii）[此处原文未明确写出物种名称]，主要出现在海拔较高的地区，其特征是温度较低、降水量较高以及土壤呈酸性且富含腐殖质。[此处原文未明确写出物种名称]在奥地利各地都很常见，证实了其广适性。仅发现了一只[此处原文未明确写出物种名称]的幼虫，无法进行进一步分析。这些数据有助于刻画农田中[此处原文未明确写出物种名称]幼虫的物种特异性特征，这是制定针对这些金针虫的有效防治策略的重要前提。
