[Primary interdisciplinary reconstruction of perineal defects to reduce wound complications after abdominoperineal resection].

BACKGROUND

Multimodal treatment options for ultra-low neoplasms of the rectum or anal cancer include chemotherapy, radical abdominoperineal resection and/or radiation. Primary wound closure increases the risk of perineal wound complications that require secondary revision. Perineal wound complications may trigger delay of adjacent tumor therapy and thus have an impact on rate of local recurrence and long-term survival for rectal cancer. Simultaneous primary reconstruction of the perineal defect has been shown to reduce the incidence of perineal wound complications as well as hospital stay which enables timely adjacent therapy and may improve prognosis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This study was designed to retrospectively evaluate wound complications after abdominoperineal resection by comparing a group with and one without primary perineal reconstruction. Between 2005 and 2011, patients were analysed and divided into cohorts 1 and 2. Cohort 1 included n = 33 patients without primary perineal reconstruction. Cohort 2 included n = 4 patients with primary perineal reconstruction. Risk factors were identified for increased wound complications and delay of adjacent therapy.

RESULTS

Subgroup analysis revealed that 18 out of 33 patients of cohort 1 had wound complications. In five cases, prolonged wound healing resulted in a delay of adjacent therapies. Four patients suffered from progression of tumour, 2 out of these 4 patients had a history of delayed adjacent therapy. The main risk factor for prolonged wound healing due to postoperative complications was a history of neoadjuvant treatment resulting in a rate of 64.7 %. Cohort 2 undergoing primary reconstruction presented without wound complications or delay in adjuvant therapy.

DISCUSSION

A primary perineal reconstruction after APRE can reduce the rate of perineal wound complications. Furthermore, neoadjuvant treatment was shown to carry a major risk for wound complications. Patients after radio-/chemotherapy should undergo a primary reconstruction to prevent procedure-related perioperative morbidity. Subsequently, delays in adjuvant therapy, and prolonged hospital stay can be inhibited. Moreover, quality of life can be increased. The interdisciplinary approach aims at identifying high-risk patients for perineal wound complications who may benefit from primary reconstruction in order to reduce rate of wound complications with potential impact on rate of local recurrence. All these measures contribute to an optimized surgical standard.