Department of Acute Medicine, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK.
Trop Med Int Health. 2013 May;18(5):588-95. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12080. Epub 2013 Mar 6.
It is estimated that more than 3 million healthcare workers worldwide suffer needlestick and splash injuries whilst at work resulting in the potential transmission of blood-borne pathogens via exposure to bodily fluids. Under-reporting and the subsequent management of occupational injuries is a problem both in the United Kingdom and abroad. Many expatriate health care workers will work in low resource settings where the risk of transmission is greatest but in contrast to wealthier countries such as the United Kingdom, there is often a lack of effective systems for its safe management. This article provides important information about this risk and how to minimise it. The reasons for an increased risk in transmission, its subsequent management and pre-departure planning are discussed, together with the evidence for initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis; current National and International guidelines as well as the urgent need for International standardisation of these is also discussed.
据估计，全球有超过 300 万名医护人员在工作时遭受针具刺伤和飞溅伤害，从而有潜在的血液传播病原体通过接触体液传播的风险。在英国和其他国家，职业伤害的漏报和随后的管理都是一个问题。许多侨居国外的医护人员将在资源匮乏的环境中工作，这些地方的传播风险最大，但与英国等较富裕的国家相比，往往缺乏安全管理的有效系统。本文提供了有关这一风险及其最小化的重要信息。讨论了传播风险增加的原因、后续管理和出发前规划，以及暴露后预防措施的启动依据；还讨论了当前的国家和国际指南，以及对这些指南进行国际标准化的迫切需要。
