Department of Normal Anatomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Adv Clin Exp Med. 2013 Jan-Feb;22(1):17-26.
The biceps brachii muscle, the strongest flexor and supinator at the elbow joint, and an accessory flexor of the glenohumeral joint is characterized by the two heads, long and short.
The purpose of this study was to examine the linear parameters (length and width) of the biceps brachii in human fetuses and to provide their mathematical growth models.
Using methods of anatomical dissection, digital analysis (Multiscan v.14.02), and statistics (Student's t-test and regression analysis) the authors bilaterally measured the length (mm) and width (mm) of the biceps brachii muscle in 30 fetuses of both sexes (14♂,16♀), aged 17-30 weeks.
Neither sex nor laterality differences were found. All the parameters studied increased proportionally with age. Both the mean length (5.68 mm) and widths, measured at its mid-length (0.60 mm) and at the widest level (0.65 mm) of the long head's belly, were found to be statistically shorter (5.93 mm, 0.65 mm and 0.72 mm, respectively) when compared to its short head's belly. For these parameters, the following linear models were generated in relation to the long head's belly: y = -0.801 + 0.276 x Age (R2 = 0.591), y = -0.254 + 0.036 x Age (R2 = 0.201) and y = -0.238 + 0.038 x Age (R2 = 0.226), and in relation to the short head's belly: y = -0.134 + 0.258 x Age (R2 = 0.551), y = -0.227 + 0.038 x Age (R2 = 0.241) and y = -0.316 + 0.044 x Age (R2 = 0.333). The tendon length turned out to be the only significantly greater value for the long head (1.89 mm vs. 1.09 mm). The following linear models y = 1.024 + 0.037 x Age (R2 = 0.084) for the long and y = 0.177 + 0.039 x Age (R2 = 0.157) for the short heads were computed.
Neither sex differences nor laterality differences are observed in morphometric parameters of the biceps brachii muscle. The long head's belly is shorter and thinner than that of the short head's belly. The long head's tendon is longer than that of the short head. The developmental dynamics of the biceps brachii muscle follow proportionately.
肱二头肌是肘部最强的屈肌和旋前肌，也是盂肱关节的辅助屈肌，它由长头和短头两个头组成。
本研究旨在研究人类胎儿肱二头肌的线性参数（长度和宽度），并为其提供数学生长模型。
采用解剖学解剖、数字分析（Multiscan v.14.02）和统计学（学生 t 检验和回归分析）方法，作者对 30 名 17-30 周龄的男女胎儿（14 名男性，16 名女性）的肱二头肌长度（mm）和宽度（mm）进行了双侧测量。
未发现性别或侧别差异。所有研究的参数均与年龄呈比例增长。长头腹的平均长度（5.68mm）和宽度（0.60mm）以及最宽处的宽度（0.65mm）均明显短于短头腹（分别为 5.93mm、0.65mm 和 0.72mm）。对于这些参数，在长头腹部生成了以下线性模型：y = -0.801 + 0.276x 年龄（R2 = 0.591）、y = -0.254 + 0.036x 年龄（R2 = 0.201）和 y = -0.238 + 0.038x 年龄（R2 = 0.226），以及在短头腹部生成了以下线性模型：y = -0.134 + 0.258x 年龄（R2 = 0.551）、y = -0.227 + 0.038x 年龄（R2 = 0.241）和 y = -0.316 + 0.044x 年龄（R2 = 0.333）。肌腱长度是长头唯一显著较大的值（1.89mm 比 1.09mm）。计算出以下线性模型：y = 1.024 + 0.037x 年龄（R2 = 0.084）用于长头，y = 0.177 + 0.039x 年龄（R2 = 0.157）用于短头。
肱二头肌肌肉的形态学参数既没有性别差异，也没有侧别差异。长头腹部比短头腹部短而薄。长头肌腱比短头肌腱长。肱二头肌的发育动态呈比例增长。
