Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2013 May 1;12(3):316-24. doi: 10.2174/1871527311312030005.
Cerebral circulation is tightly regulated by vasoactive substances. There is a delicate balance among vasoconstriction and vasodilation factors. During ischemia/stroke, cerebral blood flow autoregulation may be compromised triggering hyperemia (early phase) or hypoperfusion (late phase or post-ischemia) deranging cerebral blood flow that can lead to subsequent neuronal cell death due to blood flow abnormalities. Traditional vasoactive mediators such as nitric oxide and calcitonin gene-related peptide have been well-documented to provide vasodilation and neuroprotection in the ischemic brain. An emerging field is the identification of fatty acids (polyunsaturated or saturated) that can lead to vasodilation possibly causing neuroprotection. This review investigates fatty acids such as palmitic acid methyl ester, α-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid as novel vasoactive substances that can modulate cerebral blood flow as well as offer neuroprotection after ischemia.
脑循环受血管活性物质的严格调节。在缩血管和扩血管因素之间存在微妙的平衡。在缺血/卒中期间，脑血流自动调节可能受到损害，引发充血（早期阶段）或灌注不足（晚期阶段或缺血后），扰乱脑血流，导致随后由于血流异常而导致神经元细胞死亡。已经有充分的文献记载，传统的血管活性介质，如一氧化氮和降钙素基因相关肽，在缺血性大脑中提供血管扩张和神经保护作用。一个新兴领域是鉴定脂肪酸（多不饱和或饱和），其可能导致血管扩张，从而可能提供神经保护作用。本综述研究了棕榈酸甲酯、α-亚麻酸和二十二碳六烯酸等脂肪酸，作为新型血管活性物质，可调节脑血流，并在缺血后提供神经保护作用。
