Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Jun;113(6):795-802. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.01.015. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
Young women are at high risk of weight gain. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate randomized controlled trials of weight management interventions specifically targeting young women. Nine databases were searched for randomized controlled trials conducted from 1980 to December 2011 that recruited women aged 18 to 35 years, evaluated a weight management intervention, and reported weight as the primary outcome. Eight studies of moderate to poor quality met the inclusion criteria. Three interventions were specifically designed for young women and compared behavioral weight gain prevention interventions to control groups. Four of the five remaining studies evaluated weight gain prevention interventions, including daily weighing with feedback (n=2), a science course (n=1), and an exercise programs (n=1). The single weight loss intervention lowered the energy density of the participants' diet (n=1). Intervention lengths ranged from 4 weeks to 1 year, and only three studies followed-up with participants after the intervention. Retention rates ranged from 54% to 100% at post-intervention follow-up, with over half of the studies' retention rates <80%. Five studies reported significant differences in weight change in the intervention group (-1.9 kg to +0.1 kg) compared with controls (-0.2 kg to +3.1 kg) after the intervention. The available evidence suggests weight management interventions targeting young women are limited in number and quality and are highly heterogeneous. Therefore, their overall effectiveness cannot be established at this time. High-quality randomized controlled trials evaluating interventions that are tailored to the unique needs of young women, and that can be disseminated broadly, are urgently needed to address the unmet needs of this high-risk group.
年轻女性面临着体重增加的高风险。本系统评价旨在评估专门针对年轻女性的体重管理干预措施的随机对照试验。从 1980 年到 2011 年 12 月，对 9 个数据库进行了搜索，以寻找招募年龄在 18 至 35 岁之间的女性、评估体重管理干预措施、并将体重作为主要结果的随机对照试验。符合纳入标准的有 8 项研究质量为中等或较差。有 3 项干预措施是专门为年轻女性设计的，将行为体重增加预防干预措施与对照组进行比较。其余 5 项研究中的 4 项评估了体重增加预防干预措施，包括每日称重和反馈（n=2）、科学课程（n=1）和运动计划（n=1）。唯一的减肥干预措施降低了参与者饮食的能量密度（n=1）。干预时间从 4 周到 1 年不等，只有 3 项研究在干预后对参与者进行了随访。在干预后的随访中，保留率从 54%到 100%不等，超过一半的研究保留率<80%。有 5 项研究报告了干预组（-1.9 公斤至+0.1 公斤）与对照组（-0.2 公斤至+3.1 公斤）在干预后的体重变化有显著差异。现有证据表明，针对年轻女性的体重管理干预措施数量有限且质量参差不齐。因此，目前还不能确定其整体效果。迫切需要高质量的随机对照试验来评估针对年轻女性独特需求且可广泛传播的干预措施，以满足这一高风险群体的未满足需求。
