Department of Environmental Sciences, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2013;48(8):847-54. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2013.761477.
PAHs are fused ring aromatic pollutants some of which are highly carcinogenic to humans and are persistent in the environment. The objective of this study was to develop a suitable extraction method for PAHs from river water samples, identify and quantify the individual compounds. An optimized reverse solid phase extraction (SPE) method was used after conditioning the sorbent to extract and preconcentrate compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river water samples. The following ten compounds were identified and quantified with a High Performance Liquid Chromatographic technique (HPLC): naphthalene (Naph), acenaphthylene (Ace), phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Anth), fluoranthene (Fluo), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbFl), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkFl), benzo(a)pyrene (BaPy), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DiAn) and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (InPy). An LC-18 sorbent showed good recoveries after extracting PAHs standard mixture of 1.0 mg/L. The best performing eluting solvent was acetone and very good percentage recoveries that ranged from 97.17-101.18% were obtained for seven compounds. Poor recoveries were also obtained for Fluo (1.03%), BbF1 (0.22%) and BkF1 (0.7%). The standard deviation ranged from 0.05 to 2.26 and the detection limits of less than 0.2 were obtained. Average concentration ranges of PAHs identified within the study area were: Naph (0.0339-0.0382 mg/L) at the Klip river site; Ace (00815-0.0828 mg/L) at Vaal river, (0.0538-0.0591 mg/L) at Klip river and (0.001-0.0073 mg/L) at Vaal barrage; Phe (0.0214-0.0263 mg/L) at Vaal river, (0.0487-0.0521 mg/L) at Klip river and (0.3837-0.4373 mg/L) at Vaal barrage; Anth (0.0073-0.0092 mg/L) at Vaal river, (0.3582-0.4072 mg/L) at Klip river and (0.3457-0.4022 mg/L) at Vaal barrage; Fluo (0.0985-0.1205 mg/L) at Vaal river, (0.0552-0.0593 mg/L) at Klip river and (0.1321-0.1612 mg/L) at Vaal barrage; BbFl (0.0681-0.1151 mg/L) and InPy (0.2561 ± 0.3067 mg/L) at Vaal barrage sites only. Benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene were not detected. The obtained data will be useful as baseline information when similar studies are undertaken in the future and could also be useful to policymakers.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类具有稠合芳环的芳香族污染物，其中一些对人类具有高度致癌性，并且在环境中具有持久性。本研究的目的是开发一种从河流水样中提取 PAHs 的合适方法，鉴定和定量分析各化合物。使用优化后的反相固相萃取（SPE）方法，对吸附剂进行预处理，以提取和预浓缩多环芳烃（PAHs）在河流水样中的化合物。采用高效液相色谱技术（HPLC）鉴定和定量了以下十种化合物：萘（Naph）、苊烯（Ace）、菲（Phe）、蒽（Anth）、荧蒽（Fluo）、苯并（b）荧蒽（BbFl）、苯并（k）荧蒽（BkFl）、苯并（a）芘（BaPy）、二苯并（a，h）蒽（DiAn）和茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘（InPy）。LC-18 吸附剂在提取 1.0mg/L 的 PAHs 标准混合物后显示出良好的回收率。最佳洗脱溶剂为丙酮，可获得七种化合物的回收率，范围为 97.17-101.18%。Fluo（1.03%）、BbFl（0.22%）和 BkFl（0.7%）的回收率也较差。标准偏差范围为 0.05-2.26，检测限低于 0.2。在所研究区域内鉴定出的 PAHs 的平均浓度范围为：Klip 河站点的 Naph（0.0339-0.0382mg/L）；Vaal 河的 Ace（00815-0.0828mg/L），Klip 河的（0.0538-0.0591mg/L）和 Vaal 水坝的（0.001-0.0073mg/L）；Vaal 河的 Phe（0.0214-0.0263mg/L），Klip 河的（0.0487-0.0521mg/L）和 Vaal 水坝的（0.3837-0.4373mg/L）；Vaal 河的 Anth（0.0073-0.0092mg/L），Klip 河的（0.3582-0.4072mg/L）和 Vaal 水坝的（0.3457-0.4022mg/L）；Vaal 河的 Fluo（0.0985-0.1205mg/L），Klip 河的（0.0552-0.0593mg/L）和 Vaal 水坝的（0.1321-0.1612mg/L）；Vaal 水坝站点的 BbFl（0.0681-0.1151mg/L）和 InPy（0.2561±0.3067mg/L）；未检测到苯并（k）荧蒽、苯并（a）芘和二苯并（a，h）蒽。获得的数据将作为未来类似研究的基线信息有用，也可能对决策者有用。
