Cole R R, Jahrsdoerfer R A
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030.
Laryngoscope. 1990 Jun;100(6):576-8. doi: 10.1288/00005537-199006000-00004.
Congenital aural stenosis, as compared to congenital aural atresia, carries a much greater risk of cholesteatoma. In a review of over 600 patients with major congenital ear malformations, 50 patients (54 ears) were found to have congenital aural stenosis. Ninety-one percent of the ears in patients 12 years and older with a stenosis of 2 mm or less presented with cholesteatoma. Based on this review, the following opinions are given: 1. A bony ear canal opening of 2 mm or less puts the patient at risk of cholesteatoma formation; 2. the cholesteatoma is slow-growing; and 3. undiagnosed cholesteatoma will cause extensive damage to the ear by early adulthood. We recommend surgery for patients with stenosis of the external ear canal measuring 2 mm or less. The appropriate time for surgery is late childhood or early adolescence, before irreversible damage has occurred.
与先天性耳道闭锁相比，先天性耳道狭窄发生胆脂瘤的风险要高得多。在一项对600多名主要先天性耳部畸形患者的回顾中，发现50名患者（54只耳朵）患有先天性耳道狭窄。在12岁及以上且狭窄2毫米或更小的患者中，91%的耳朵出现了胆脂瘤。基于此回顾，给出以下观点：1. 骨性耳道开口2毫米或更小会使患者有形成胆脂瘤的风险；2. 胆脂瘤生长缓慢；3. 未经诊断的胆脂瘤在成年早期会对耳朵造成广泛损害。我们建议对外耳道狭窄2毫米或更小的患者进行手术。合适的手术时间是儿童晚期或青春期早期，在发生不可逆转的损害之前。
