Jiga-Boy Gabriela M, Storey Kayleigh, Buehner Marc J
a Department of Psychology , Swansea University , Swansea , UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2013;66(10):1992-2007. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2013.772646. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
Recent research shows that drug abusers discount delayed monetary rewards more than nonabusers do, and they discount delayed substances of abuse (e.g., drugs) more than delayed money. Furthermore, non-drug-abusers discount food and substances of abuse (e.g., alcohol), more than money. Here, we compare the delay and probability discounting of money with that of a directly consumable reward (chocolate) and with that of a substance of abuse (cigarettes), in a drug-using population (smokers). In line with previous research, we found in two experiments that delay discounting differentiated between smokers and nonsmokers, and between money and a nonabused directly consumable reward (chocolate). In addition, our results show that there appears to be no difference in the extent to which smokers discount their abused substance compared to another directly consumable reward. These findings support the contention that drugs and food are part of the same category of primary reinforcers, whereas money is discounted differently, as a conditioned reinforcer.
近期研究表明，药物滥用者比非滥用者更倾向于低估延迟的金钱奖励，并且他们对延迟的滥用物质（如毒品）的低估程度超过了延迟的金钱。此外，非药物滥用者对食物和滥用物质（如酒精）的低估程度超过了金钱。在此，我们在吸毒人群（吸烟者）中比较了金钱与直接可消费奖励（巧克力）以及与滥用物质（香烟）的延迟和概率折扣。与先前的研究一致，我们在两项实验中发现，延迟折扣在吸烟者和非吸烟者之间以及金钱与非滥用的直接可消费奖励（巧克力）之间存在差异。此外，我们的结果表明，吸烟者对其滥用物质的折扣程度与另一种直接可消费奖励相比似乎没有差异。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即毒品和食物属于同一类主要强化物，而金钱作为一种条件强化物，其折扣方式有所不同。
