Baur X
Abteilung für Pneumologie und Allergologie, Bergmannsheil Universitätsklinik.
Fortschr Med. 1990 Apr 20;108(12):232-4.
Numerous occupation-related substances of plant, animal, microbial and chemical origin are potent immunogens and allergens. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the most common form of occupational obstructive airways disease is baker's asthma, caused by the inhalation of flour dust and other related substances. Compliance with the industrial threshold limit values (TIL) at the workplace reduce the risk of contracting disease, but cannot exclude it completely. Apart from obtaining a detailed history, and performing a physical examination, the diagnostic work-up also requires inclusion of special allergy tests (prick, intradermal, RAST)--in equivocal cases also, after a prior exposure--free preparatory period, re-exposure and inhalative work-place-related provocative testing. Therapeutically, elimination of exposure heads the list of measures; in concrete terms, this can also mean a change of occupation or even occupational re-training.
许多源自植物、动物、微生物和化学物质的与职业相关的物质都是强效免疫原和过敏原。在德意志联邦共和国，职业性阻塞性气道疾病最常见的形式是面包师哮喘，由吸入面粉粉尘和其他相关物质引起。遵守工作场所的工业阈限值（TIL）可降低患病风险，但不能完全排除患病可能。除了获取详细病史和进行体格检查外，诊断检查还需要进行特殊的过敏测试（点刺、皮内、放射变应原吸附试验）——在疑似病例中，在经过一段预先无接触的准备期、再次接触以及与工作场所相关的吸入激发试验后也要进行测试。在治疗方面，避免接触是首要措施；具体而言，这也可能意味着更换职业甚至进行职业再培训。
