Department of Marine & Environmental Systems, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
Mar Environ Res. 2013 May;86:35-45. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.02.008. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
A retrospective chemical and biological study was carried out in Camden Bay, Alaskan Beaufort Sea, where single exploratory oil wells were drilled at two sites more than two decades ago. Barium from discharged drilling mud was present in sediments at concentrations as high as 14%, ~200 times above background, with significantly higher concentrations of Ba, but not other metals, within 250 m of the drilling site versus reference stations. Elevated concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb were found only at two stations within 25 m of one drilling site. Concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH) were not significantly different at reference versus drilling-site stations; however, TPAH were elevated in Ba-rich layers from naturally occurring perylene in ancient formation cuttings. Infaunal biomass and species abundance were not significantly different at reference versus drilling-site stations; infauna were less diverse at drilling-site stations. Our assessment showed that discharges from single wells within large areas caused minimal long-term, adverse impacts to the benthic ecosystem.
对阿拉斯加波弗特海卡姆登湾进行了回顾性化学和生物研究，二十多年前曾在两个地点钻探过单口勘探油井。排放的钻井泥浆中的钡在沉积物中的浓度高达 14%，是背景值的 200 倍，在距钻井地点 250 米范围内的钡浓度明显高于参考站位，而其他金属的浓度则没有那么高。在一个钻井地点的两个站点发现了 Cr、Cu、Hg 和 Pb 的浓度升高。与参考站位相比，钻井地点站位的总多环芳烃 (TPAH) 浓度没有显著差异；然而，在来自古代地层岩屑中天然存在的苝的富钡层中，TPAH 升高。参考站位与钻井站位的底栖生物生物量和物种丰度没有显著差异；在钻井站位，底栖生物的多样性较低。我们的评估表明，在大面积范围内，单口井的排放对底栖生态系统造成的长期不利影响极小。
