NewFields LLC, Rockland, Massachusetts, USA.
Neff & Associates LLC, Hendersonville, North Carolina, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2019 Mar;15(2):224-236. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4129. Epub 2019 Feb 21.
The United States Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) has sponsored 4 major monitoring projects in the oil and gas development area of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea since the 1980s, the last being the Arctic Nearshore Impact Monitoring in the Development Area III (ANIMIDA III) Project (2014-2017). These studies were conducted to better understand the physical, chemical, and biological environments and how oil and gas activities may impact them. This paper focuses on monitoring sediment hydrocarbon chemistry. The projects included measuring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-alkanes and isoprenoids (SHCs), and sterane/triterpene (S/T) geochemical biomarkers and determining their distribution, possible sources, and environmental significance in the sediments of the Beaufort Sea and rivers emptying into it. Concentrations of hydrocarbons in sediments were variable on both spatial and temporal scales; surface sediment concentrations of total PAHs (TPAHs), the class of hydrocarbons of greatest environmental interest, averaged between 300 and 700 μg/kg in different years of monitoring between 1985 and 2015. The concentrations were similar to those measured in other marine regions of Alaska where oil activities have not occurred. Sediment TPAH concentrations were below sediment quality guidelines values, indicating a low risk of harm to benthic marine communities. The hydrocarbons in the Beaufort Sea sediments are primarily from non-oil petrogenic and biogenic sources, with small amounts of pyrogenic hydrocarbons. Most of the hydrocarbons are carried to the Beaufort Sea in coastal erosion and river inputs of hydrocarbon-rich materials, such as peat and shale. The majority of the Beaufort Sea Development Area, including near production facilities, contains uncontaminated sediments with only a few small areas near (<100 m) some exploratory wells where petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations are above regional background. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:224-236. © 2019 SETAC.
美国海洋能源管理局（BOEM）自 20 世纪 80 年代以来在阿拉斯加波弗特海的油气开发区赞助了 4 个主要的监测项目，最后一个是开发区 III（ANIMIDA III）项目中的北极近岸影响监测（2014-2017 年）。这些研究旨在更好地了解物理、化学和生物环境，以及石油和天然气活动可能对它们产生的影响。本文重点监测沉积物中烃类的化学物质。这些项目包括测量多环芳烃（PAHs）、正烷烃和异戊二烯（SHCs）、甾烷/萜烷（S/T）地球化学生物标志物，并确定它们在波弗特海及其入海河流沉积物中的分布、可能的来源和环境意义。烃类在沉积物中的浓度在空间和时间上均存在差异；在 1985 年至 2015 年期间不同年份的监测中，总多环芳烃（TPAHs）的表层沉积物浓度（最受环境关注的烃类）平均值在 300-700μg/kg 之间。这些浓度与在阿拉斯加其他没有石油活动的海洋区域测量的浓度相似。沉积物 TPAH 浓度低于沉积物质量指南值，表明对底栖海洋生物群落造成危害的风险较低。波弗特海沉积物中的烃类主要来自非石油成因和生物成因，少量的源自热成因。大部分烃类是通过沿海侵蚀和富含碳氢化合物的物质（如泥炭和页岩）的河流输入带到波弗特海的。包括生产设施附近在内的大部分波弗特海开发区的沉积物都是未受污染的，只有少数靠近（<100m）一些勘探井的小区域石油烃浓度高于区域背景。综合环境评估与管理 2019；15:224-236。©2019 SETAC。
