From the Music Therapy Department, Berklee College of Music, Boston, MA.
Cardiol Rev. 2014 Jan-Feb;22(1):37-42. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e318291c5fc.
Music therapy is a service that has become more prevalent as an adjunct to medical practice-as its evidence base expands and music therapists begin to join the cardiology team in every phase of care, from the most serious cases to those maintaining good heart health. Although applications of music medicine, primarily listening to short segments of music, are capable of stabilizing vital signs and managing symptoms in the short-term, music therapy interventions by a qualified practitioner are showing promise in establishing deeper and more lasting impact. On the basis of mind-body approaches, stress/coping models, the neuromatrix theory of pain, and entrainment, music therapy capitalizes on the ability of music to affect the autonomic nervous system. Although only a limited number of randomized controlled trials pinpoint the efficacy of specific music therapy interventions, qualitative research reveals some profound outcomes in certain individuals. A depth of understanding related to the experience of living with a cardiovascular disease can be gained through music therapy approaches such as nonverbal music psychotherapy and guided imagery and music. The multifaceted nature of musical responsiveness contributes to strong individual variability and must be taken into account in the development of research protocols for future music therapy and music medicine interventions. The extant research provides a foundation for exploring the many potential psychosocial, physiological, and spiritual outcomes of a music therapy service for cardiology patients.
音乐治疗作为一种医学实践的辅助手段，其应用已经越来越广泛——随着其证据基础的扩大，音乐治疗师开始在从最严重的病例到那些保持心脏健康的病例的每个护理阶段加入心脏病学团队。虽然音乐医学的应用，主要是听短片段的音乐，能够在短期内稳定生命体征和控制症状，但由合格从业者进行的音乐治疗干预在建立更深入和更持久的影响方面显示出了希望。基于身心方法、应激/应对模型、疼痛的神经矩阵理论和同步，音乐治疗利用了音乐对自主神经系统的影响能力。尽管只有少数随机对照试验能够确定特定音乐治疗干预的疗效，但定性研究揭示了某些个体的一些深刻结果。通过非言语音乐心理治疗和引导想象和音乐等音乐治疗方法，可以深入了解与心血管疾病患者生活相关的体验。音乐反应的多面性导致了强烈的个体差异，在制定未来音乐治疗和音乐医学干预的研究方案时必须考虑到这一点。现有的研究为探索音乐治疗服务对心脏病患者的许多潜在心理社会、生理和精神结果提供了基础。
