波兰中部和东部地区孕妇群体中焦虑症状的社会人口学和心理社会决定因素
Socio-demographical and psychosocial determinants of anxiety symptoms in a population of pregnant women in the regions of central and eastern Poland.
作者信息
Makara-Studzińska Marta, Morylowska-Topolska Justyna, Sygit Katarzyna, Sygit Marian, Goździewska Małgorzata
机构信息
Independent Laboratory of Psychical Health, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
出版信息
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(1):195-202.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Until recently, depression and anxiety during pregnancy were a neglected medical problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression during pregnancy and identification of the socio-demographic and psychosocial factors.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was prospective and longitudinal, and the research group consisted of 314 adult pregnant women. To assess the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depression, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied. To assess the psychosocial variables the Rosenberg Self-Assessment Scale, Marital Communication Questionnaire and the Berlin Social Support Scale and authors' Socio-demographical questionnaire were used. To assess the normal distribution the Shapiro-Wilk test was used. For non-parametric tests the Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis ANOVA were used due to the distribution of the variables tested against the intergroup comparisons that deviate from the normal distribution.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Co-existence of anxiety and depression in different trimesters amounted relatively to 12.7% in the first trimester, 10.8% in the second trimester and 12.4% in the third trimester of pregnancy. Symptoms of anxiety were often experienced by unmarried women, non-working women, and those respondents who estimated their housing and financial situation as being worse. Those most susceptible to depressive symptoms were tested women with primary education and those who assessed as worse their financial and housing situation. Higher self-esteem, good communication in a relationship, satisfying social support was associated with a lower incidence of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy. Higher self-esteem, good communication in a relationship, and satisfying social support was associated with a lower incidence of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy.
引言与目的
直到最近，孕期抑郁和焦虑一直是一个被忽视的医学问题。本研究的目的是确定孕期焦虑和抑郁症状的患病率，并识别社会人口统计学和心理社会因素。
材料与方法
本研究为前瞻性纵向研究，研究组由314名成年孕妇组成。为评估焦虑症状和抑郁的患病率，应用了医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）。为评估心理社会变量，使用了罗森伯格自尊量表、婚姻沟通问卷、柏林社会支持量表以及作者的社会人口统计学问卷。为评估正态分布，使用了夏皮罗-威尔克检验。对于非参数检验，由于所测试变量的分布偏离正态分布，在组间比较中使用了曼-惠特尼U检验和克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯方差分析。
结果与结论
不同孕期焦虑和抑郁并存的比例在孕早期为12.7%，孕中期为10.8%，孕晚期为12.4%。未婚女性、无工作女性以及那些认为自己住房和经济状况较差的受访者经常出现焦虑症状。最易出现抑郁症状的是接受小学教育的女性以及那些认为自己经济和住房状况较差的女性。较高的自尊、良好的人际关系沟通以及满意的社会支持与孕期焦虑症状发生率较低相关。较高的自尊、良好的人际关系沟通以及满意的社会支持与孕期焦虑症状发生率较低相关。
Zotero 插件