Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
J Clin Nurs. 2013 May;22(9-10):1310-21. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12078. Epub 2013 Mar 29.
To describe the development process of the foot health assessment instrument for the assessment of foot health in older people and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the foot health assessment instrument.
In clinical nursing, assessment of foot health and recognition of foot problems in older people is fundamental for maintain older persons' independent functional ability. However, valid and reliable nurse-administered foot health assessment instruments are lacking.
A cross-sectional methodological design.
The foot health assessment instrument was developed in 2008-2011 based on a literature review and expertise in podiatry and nursing. Content validity was evaluated in four expert panels. Inter-rater reliability between nurses' and researcher (MS) assessments was evaluated in the pilot test and in the empirical testing of the instrument with a sample of visiting home nurses. Inter-rater reliability was calculated with Cohen's kappa, internal consistency reliability was examined with Cronbach's alpha coefficients and item analysis, and construct validity was evaluated by principal component analysis with Varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis.
Content validity was guaranteed by the expert analyses. Inter-rater reliability improved after pilot test. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total foot health assessment instrument was satisfactory. Item-to-total correlations varied between but most of them were acceptable. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the four component structure of the foot health assessment instrument.
The 23-item foot health assessment instrument showed preliminary acceptable psychometric properties. However, further modifications and testing are needed to strengthen the psychometric properties of the foot health assessment instrument.
The existence of a foot health assessment instrument and its application would considerably improve the assessment of foot health in daily nursing practice. The foot health assessment instrument developed in this study is short and easy to administer.
描述足部健康评估工具的开发过程，用于评估老年人的足部健康，并评估足部健康评估工具的心理测量学特性。
在临床护理中，评估老年人的足部健康和识别足部问题是维持老年人独立功能能力的基础。然而，缺乏有效的、可靠的护士管理的足部健康评估工具。
一项横断面方法设计。
足部健康评估工具于 2008-2011 年根据文献回顾和足病学和护理专业知识开发而成。内容效度在四个专家小组中进行了评估。在试点测试和对访视家庭护士样本的工具实证测试中，评估了护士和研究员（MS）评估之间的评分者间可靠性。使用 Cohen's kappa 计算评分者间可靠性，使用 Cronbach's alpha 系数和项目分析检查内部一致性可靠性，使用主成分分析和最大方差旋转进行结构有效性评估，并使用验证性因子分析进行验证。
专家分析保证了内容效度。试点测试后，评分者间可靠性提高。足部健康评估工具的总 Cronbach's alpha 系数令人满意。项目与总分的相关性存在差异，但大多数都可以接受。主成分分析和验证性因子分析支持足部健康评估工具的四个组成部分结构。
23 项足部健康评估工具表现出初步可接受的心理测量学特性。然而，需要进一步修改和测试，以加强足部健康评估工具的心理测量学特性。
足部健康评估工具的存在及其应用将极大地改善日常护理实践中足部健康的评估。本研究开发的足部健康评估工具简短易用。
