Laboratório de Cocos Gram-positivos, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013 Jan-Feb;46(1):34-8. doi: 10.1590/0037-868213022013.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen commonly associated with nosocomial infections. However, it has also been associated with community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections (CA-MRSA). There are few data on the identification and prevalence of CA-MRSA infections in Brazil.
This is a cross-sectional study of 104 patients with community-acquired skin infections attending two health care centers in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. MRSA isolates were characterized by molecular methods, including detection of the mecA gene by PCR, gene SCCmec typing, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) detection, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
From the 104 samples, 58 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were obtained, of which five (8.6%) had a CA-MRSA-resistant profile. All five isolates had the mecA gene and amplified to SCCmec type IV. Analysis of chromosomal DNA by PFGE revealed the presence of two clusters related to international clones (OSPC and USA 300), with a Dice similarity coefficient >80%. The study was complemented by MLST, which detected three different strains: ST30, ST8, and ST45, the latter not presenting any relation with the clones compared in PFGE.
The presence of CA-MRSA reveals an important change in the epidemiology of this pathogen and adds new elements to the knowledge of the molecular biology of infections by MRSA with SCCmec type IV in southern Brazil.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）是一种重要的病原体，通常与医院获得性感染有关。然而，它也与社区获得性皮肤和软组织感染（CA-MRSA）有关。关于巴西 CA-MRSA 感染的鉴定和流行情况的数据很少。
这是一项横断面研究，共纳入了巴西南部阿雷格里港的两家医疗中心的 104 例社区获得性皮肤感染患者。采用分子方法对 MRSA 分离株进行特征鉴定，包括通过 PCR 检测 mecA 基因、基因 SCCmec 分型、Panton-Valentine 白细胞毒素（PVL）检测、脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）和多位点序列分型（MLST）。
从 104 个样本中获得了 58 株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株，其中 5 株（8.6%）具有 CA-MRSA 耐药表型。这 5 株分离株均携带 mecA 基因且扩增至 SCCmec 型 IV。PFGE 分析染色体 DNA 显示存在与国际克隆（OSPC 和 USA 300）相关的两个簇，Dice 相似系数>80%。研究还通过 MLST 进行了补充，检测到三种不同的菌株：ST30、ST8 和 ST45，后者与 PFGE 中比较的克隆没有任何关系。
CA-MRSA 的存在表明该病原体的流行病学发生了重要变化，并为巴西南部 SCCmec 型 IV 型 MRSA 感染的分子生物学知识增添了新内容。
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