挑战预期以预防非医疗处方兴奋剂使用：一项随机对照试验。
Challenging expectancies to prevent nonmedical prescription stimulant use: a randomized, controlled trial.
机构信息
University of North Dakota, Department of Psychology, 319 Harvard Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
出版信息
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Sep 1;132(1-2):362-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
BACKGROUND
College students continue to report nonmedical prescription stimulant use to enhance alertness and concentration. Despite increasing prevalence of this behavior, techniques for preventing or treating it are lacking. An intervention that focuses on challenging positive consequence-oriented beliefs about prescription stimulants may be efficacious in preventing use.
METHODS
The current study examined the efficacy of a randomized controlled expectancy challenge intervention to prevent nonmedical prescription stimulant use among 96 at-risk, stimulant-naïve college students (i.e., low grade point average, Greek involvement, binge drinking, cannabis use). Forty-seven participants completed a brief expectancy challenge intervention aimed at modifying positive expectancies for prescription stimulants, to consequently deter initiation of use. The remaining participants received no intervention.
RESULTS
The expectancy challenge successfully modified expectancies related to prescription stimulant effects. Nevertheless, this intervention group and a control group showed comparable rates of nonmedical prescription use at 6-month follow-up. However, negative expectancies were significant predictors of reduced odds of future use.
CONCLUSIONS
A challenge session appears to modify stimulant-related expectancies, which are related to nonmedical prescription stimulant use. Nevertheless, a more potent challenge or booster sessions might be essential for longer-term changes.
背景
大学生继续报告非医疗处方兴奋剂的使用以提高警觉和注意力。尽管这种行为的流行率不断上升，但缺乏预防或治疗这种行为的技术。针对与处方兴奋剂的积极后果相关的信念进行干预可能对预防使用有效。
方法
本研究检验了一项随机对照预期挑战干预措施在预防 96 名高危、无兴奋剂使用经验的大学生（即低平均绩点、希腊人参与、狂欢饮酒、大麻使用）中预防非医疗处方兴奋剂使用的效果。47 名参与者完成了一项简短的预期挑战干预措施，旨在改变对处方兴奋剂的积极期望，从而阻止使用的开始。其余参与者未接受干预。
结果
预期挑战成功地改变了与处方兴奋剂效果相关的期望。然而，在 6 个月的随访中，干预组和对照组的非医疗处方使用率相当。然而，负面期望是未来使用减少的几率的显著预测因素。
结论
挑战会议似乎改变了与兴奋剂相关的期望，这与非医疗处方兴奋剂的使用有关。然而，更有力的挑战或强化会议可能对于长期的改变是必要的。
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