National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.
Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2013;89(4):139-56. doi: 10.2183/pjab.89.139.
Signal transmission through synapses connecting two neurons is mediated by release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic axon terminals and activation of its receptor at the postsynaptic neurons. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), non-protein amino acid formed by decarboxylation of glutamic acid, is a principal neurotransmitter at inhibitory synapses of vertebrate and invertebrate nervous system. On one hand glutamic acid serves as a principal excitatory neurotransmitter. This article reviews GABA researches on; (1) synaptic inhibition by membrane hyperpolarization, (2) exclusive localization in inhibitory neurons, (3) release from inhibitory neurons, (4) excitatory action at developmental stage, (5) phenotype of GABA-deficient mouse produced by gene-targeting, (6) developmental adjustment of neural network and (7) neurological/psychiatric disorder. In the end, GABA functions in simple nervous system and plants, and non-amino acid neurotransmitters were supplemented.
通过连接两个神经元的突触进行的信号传递是由前突轴突末端释放神经递质和其在突触后神经元上的受体激活介导的。γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是由谷氨酸脱羧形成的非蛋白质氨基酸，是脊椎动物和无脊椎动物神经系统抑制性突触的主要神经递质。一方面，谷氨酸是主要的兴奋性神经递质。本文综述了 GABA 的研究进展：（1）通过膜超极化产生的突触抑制；（2）仅在抑制性神经元中定位；（3）从抑制性神经元释放；（4）在发育阶段的兴奋作用；（5）通过基因靶向产生的 GABA 缺陷型小鼠的表型；（6）神经网络的发育调整；（7）神经/精神疾病。最后，补充了 GABA 在简单神经系统和植物中的功能以及非氨基酸神经递质。
Zotero 插件
