Cruz Maureen T, Bajo Michal, Schweitzer Paul, Roberto Marisa
Committee on Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California.
Alcohol Res Health. 2008;31(2):137-47.
Identifying the changes that occur in the brain as a result of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use is important to understanding the development of AOD addiction. The nerve cell signaling chemical (i.e., neurotransmitter) γ-aminobutync acid (GABA) plays an important role in the brain chemistry of addiction. Most drugs interact with binding molecules (i.e., receptors) for specific neurotransmitters and either block or facilitate binding at these receptors. Thus, cannabis and opiates act via receptors intended for internally derived (i.e., endogenous) cannabinoid and opiate substances. In contrast, alcohol does not appear to activate specific receptors. However, alcohol influences the activity of many transmitter systems including GABA and endogenous opioids and cannabinoids.
确定因使用酒精和其他药物（AOD）而在大脑中发生的变化，对于理解AOD成瘾的发展很重要。神经细胞信号传导化学物质（即神经递质）γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）在成瘾的大脑化学过程中起着重要作用。大多数药物与特定神经递质的结合分子（即受体）相互作用，要么阻断要么促进这些受体的结合。因此，大麻和阿片类药物通过内源性大麻素和阿片类物质的受体起作用。相比之下，酒精似乎不会激活特定受体。然而，酒精会影响包括GABA、内源性阿片类物质和大麻素在内的许多递质系统的活性。
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