Parolaro Daniela, Viganò Daniela, Rubino Tiziana
DBSF, and Center of Neurosciences, Univ of Insubria, Via A. da Giussano 10, 21052 Busto Arsizio (Varese), Italy.
Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord. 2005 Dec;4(6):643-55. doi: 10.2174/156800705774933014.
Drug dependence is a chronically relapsing disorder, manifested as an intense desire for the drug, with impaired ability to control the urges to take the drug, even at the expense of serious adverse consequences. These behavioral abnormalities develop gradually during repeated exposure to a drug of abuse, and can persist for months or years after discontinuation of use, suggesting that this addiction can be considered a form of drug-induced neural plasticity. Many neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin and endogenous opioid peptides, have been implicated in the effects of the various drugs of abuse. Dopamine has been consistently associated with the reinforcing effects of most of them. There is, in addition, a growing body of evidence that the endogenous cannabinoid system might participate in the motivational and dopamine-releasing effects of several drugs of abuse. This review will discuss the latest advances on the mechanisms of cannabinoid dependence and the possible role of the endocannabinoid system in the treatment of addiction, not only to marijuana but also to the other common illicit drugs.
药物依赖是一种慢性复发性疾病，表现为对药物的强烈渴望，即使以严重不良后果为代价，控制用药冲动的能力也会受损。这些行为异常在反复接触滥用药物的过程中逐渐形成，并且在停药后可能持续数月或数年，这表明这种成瘾可被视为药物诱导的神经可塑性的一种形式。许多神经递质，包括γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、谷氨酸、乙酰胆碱、多巴胺、5-羟色胺和内源性阿片肽，都与各种滥用药物的作用有关。多巴胺一直与大多数药物的强化作用相关。此外，越来越多的证据表明，内源性大麻素系统可能参与几种滥用药物的动机和多巴胺释放作用。本综述将讨论大麻素依赖机制的最新进展以及内源性大麻素系统在成瘾治疗中的可能作用，不仅包括大麻，还包括其他常见非法药物。
